Sijen Titia
Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, PO Box 24044, 2490 AA The Hague, The Netherlands.
Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2015 Sep;18:21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.015. Epub 2014 Nov 23.
Human biological traces have the potential to present strong evidence for placing a suspect at a crime scene. In cases, the activity that led to deposition of an individual's cellular material is increasingly disputed, for which the identification of cell types could be crucial. This review aims to give an overview of the possibilities of the employment of mRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation and microbial markers for tissue identification in a forensic context. The biological background that renders these markers tissue-specificity is considered, as this can affect data interpretation. Furthermore, the forensic relevance of inferring certain cell types is discussed, as are the various methodologies that can be applied. Forensic stains can carry minute amounts of cell material that may be degraded or polluted and most likely cell material of multiple sources will be present. The interpretational challenges that are imposed by this compromised state will be discussed as well.
人类生物痕迹有可能为将嫌疑人置于犯罪现场提供有力证据。在一些案件中，导致个体细胞物质沉积的活动越来越受到争议，而细胞类型的鉴定可能至关重要。本综述旨在概述在法医背景下使用信使核糖核酸（mRNA）、微小核糖核酸（miRNA）、DNA甲基化和微生物标记物进行组织鉴定的可能性。考虑了使这些标记物具有组织特异性的生物学背景，因为这可能会影响数据解释。此外，还讨论了推断某些细胞类型的法医相关性以及可应用的各种方法。法医污渍可能携带微量的、可能已降解或受污染的细胞物质，而且很可能存在多种来源的细胞物质。还将讨论这种受损状态所带来的解释挑战。
