Remmers Teun, Van Kann Dave, Gubbels Jessica, Schmidt Swantje, de Vries Sanne, Ettema Dick, Kremers Stef P J, Thijs Carel
Maastricht University (Medical Center+), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University (Medical Center+), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014 Dec 12;11:150. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0150-8.
Promoting unstructured outside play is a promising vehicle to increase children's physical activity (PA). This study investigates if factors of the social environment moderate the relationship between the perceived physical environment and outside play.
1875 parents from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study reported on their child's outside play around age five years, and 1516 parents around age seven years. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to evaluate (moderating) relationships among factors of the social environment (parenting influences and social capital), the perceived physical environment, and outside play at age five and seven. Season was entered as a random factor in these analyses.
Accessibility of PA facilities, positive parental attitude towards PA and social capital were associated with more outside play, while parental concern and restriction of screen time were related with less outside play. We found two significant interactions; both involving parent perceived responsibility towards child PA participation.
Although we found a limited number of interactions, this study demonstrated that the impact of the perceived physical environment may differ across levels of parent responsibility.
促进无组织的户外玩耍是增加儿童身体活动（PA）的一种有前景的方式。本研究调查社会环境因素是否会调节感知到的物理环境与户外玩耍之间的关系。
考拉出生队列研究中的1875名家长报告了他们孩子在五岁左右的户外玩耍情况，1516名家长报告了孩子在七岁左右的户外玩耍情况。进行线性混合模型分析以评估社会环境因素（育儿影响和社会资本）、感知到的物理环境以及五岁和七岁时户外玩耍之间的（调节）关系。在这些分析中，季节作为随机因素纳入。
PA设施的可及性、家长对PA的积极态度和社会资本与更多的户外玩耍相关，而家长的担忧和对屏幕时间的限制与较少的户外玩耍相关。我们发现了两个显著的交互作用；均涉及家长对孩子PA参与的感知责任。
尽管我们发现的交互作用数量有限，但本研究表明，感知到的物理环境的影响可能因家长责任水平而异。
