School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Research and Development in Medical Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Int J Surg. 2015 Jan;13:175-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.11.032. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
Optimizing the surgeon-nurse relationship to improve interprofessional communication is increasingly recognized as an essential component of patient care. The increasing number of women surgeons has altered the surgeon-nurse dynamic, which has traditionally been a male-female relationship. In particular, this shift has raised the issue of whether implicit perceptions regarding gender and demeanor influence the interactions between surgeons and nurses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand nurses' implicit perceptions of surgeons, with a particular focus on gender and gender-normative demeanor. We defined two types of demeanor: communal, which is classically associated with women and includes being supportive and nurturing, and agentic, which is a male-associated trait that includes being direct and assertive.
We administered surveys to 1701 nurses at the main campus of our institution. Each survey had one of eight possible scenarios; all began with a short description of a surgeon who was described as accomplished and well-trained, then varied by surgeon gender (male/female), surgeon demeanor (agentic/communal) and type of surgery (breast cancer/lung cancer). Using a 0 to 5 scale, respondents rated their perception of the surgeon through five questions. These five items were averaged to create a composite perception score scaled from 0 to 5.
We received 493 surveys. The overall average perception score was 3.8±0.99. Respondents had a statistically significant preference for the communal surgeon (4.1±0.91) versus the agentic surgeon (3.6±1.0, p<0.001). There were no significant main effects of surgeon gender or surgery type.
Nurses demonstrated a significant preference for communal surgeons, regardless of surgeon gender.
优化外科医生与护士的关系以改善专业间沟通，这已日益被视为患者护理的一个重要组成部分。越来越多的女性外科医生改变了传统的男女外科医生-护士关系的外科医生-护士动态关系。特别是，这种转变提出了一个问题，即关于性别和风度的隐性观念是否会影响外科医生和护士之间的相互作用。因此，本研究的目的是了解护士对外科医生的隐性看法，特别是关注性别和性别规范的风度。我们定义了两种风度：传统上与女性相关的交际型，包括支持和养育；以及与男性相关的自主型，包括直接和自信。
我们向我们机构主校区的 1701 名护士发放了调查问卷。每个调查都有八种可能的情况之一；所有情况都以对一位经验丰富且训练有素的外科医生的简短描述开始，然后根据外科医生的性别（男性/女性）、外科医生的风度（自主/交际）和手术类型（乳腺癌/肺癌）而有所不同。受访者使用 0 到 5 的评分标准，通过五个问题对他们对外科医生的看法进行评分。这五个项目的平均值构成了一个从 0 到 5 的综合感知评分。
我们收到了 493 份调查问卷。总体平均感知得分为 3.8±0.99。受访者对外交型外科医生（4.1±0.91）明显比对自主型外科医生（3.6±1.0，p<0.001）更有好感。外科医生的性别或手术类型没有显著的主要影响。
无论外科医生的性别如何，护士都明显偏爱交际型外科医生。
