Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Critical Care Wing 1401, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Dec 19;21(1):1357. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07403-2.
Despite substantial implications for healthcare provider practice and patient outcomes, gender has yet to be systematically explored with regard to interprofessional operating room (OR) teamwork. We aimed to explore and describe how gender and additional social identity factors shape experiences and perceptions of teamwork in the OR.
This study was a qualitative secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews with OR team members conducted between November 2018 and July 2019. Participants were recruited across hospitals in Ontario, Canada. We conducted both purposive and snowball sampling until data saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed thematically by two independent research team members, moving from open to axial coding.
Sixty-six interviews of OR healthcare professionals were completed: anesthesia (n=17), nursing (n=19), perfusion (n=2), and surgery (n=26). Traditional gender roles, norms, and stereotypes were perceived and experienced by both women and men, but with different consequences. Both women and men participants described challenges that women face in the OR, such as being perceived negatively for displaying leadership behaviours. Participants also reported that interactions and behaviours vary depending on the team gender composition, and that other social identities, such as age and race, often interact with gender. Nevertheless, participants indicated a belief that the influence of gender in the OR may be modified.
The highly gendered reality of the OR creates an environment conducive to breakdowns in communuication and patient safety risks in addition to diminishing team morale, psychological safety, and provider well-being. Consequently, until teamwork interventions adequately account for gender, they are unlikely to be optimally effective or sustainable.
尽管性别对医疗保健提供者的实践和患者的结果有重大影响，但在涉及跨专业手术室（OR）团队合作时，尚未系统地探讨性别问题。我们旨在探讨和描述性别以及其他社会身份因素如何塑造 OR 中的团队合作体验和感知。
这是一项对 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 7 月间进行的 OR 团队成员半结构化访谈的定性二次分析。参与者是在加拿大安大略省的医院中招募的。我们采用了目的性和滚雪球抽样法，直到达到数据饱和为止。两位独立的研究团队成员通过主题分析对转录本进行分析，从开放式编码到轴向编码。
共完成了 66 名 OR 医疗保健专业人员的访谈：麻醉师（n=17）、护士（n=19）、灌注师（n=2）和外科医生（n=26）。传统的性别角色、规范和刻板印象被男女双方感知和体验，但后果不同。女性和男性参与者都描述了女性在 OR 中面临的挑战，例如表现出领导行为时会被负面看待。参与者还报告说，团队的性别组成会影响互动和行为，而其他社会身份，如年龄和种族，通常也会与性别相互作用。尽管如此，参与者表示相信 OR 中的性别影响可能会发生变化。
OR 高度性别化的现实环境除了降低团队士气、心理安全感和提供者的幸福感外，还会导致沟通中断和患者安全风险增加。因此，除非团队合作干预措施充分考虑到性别因素，否则它们不太可能是最佳有效的或可持续的。
