Hammitt D G, Bedia E, Rogers P R, Syrop C H, Donovan J F, Williamson R A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242.
Fertil Steril. 1989 Sep;52(3):495-502. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60925-1.
Caffeine, pentoxifylline, 2-deoxyadenosine, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), relaxin, adenosine, kallikrein, and calcium were compared for their ability to stimulate motility of cryopreserved sperm. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2-deoxyadenosine significantly increased the percentage of motile sperm at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after administration. Sperm velocity was significantly increased by caffeine at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and by pentoxifylline at 0, 45, and 60 minutes. Consistent stimulation was not observed for other chemicals. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2-deoxyadenosine were then examined for their ability to provide motility stimulation after removal with washing. With the exception of caffeine, percent motility and velocity for stimulated and untreated sperm were similar after washing. A significant reduction in motility was observed at 48 hours after washing for caffeine. The percentage of hamster oocytes penetrated at 24 hours after washing was significantly reduced for caffeine, 2-deoxyadenosine, and pentoxifylline combined with 2-deoxyadenosine. Pentoxifylline-treated sperm showed no reduction in fertilizing capacity. These results indicate that, of the chemicals examined, pentoxifylline is superior for motility stimulation of cryopreserved sperm.
对咖啡因、己酮可可碱、2-脱氧腺苷、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、松弛素、腺苷、激肽释放酶和钙刺激冷冻保存精子活力的能力进行了比较。咖啡因、己酮可可碱和2-脱氧腺苷在给药后15、30、45和60分钟显著提高了活动精子的百分比。咖啡因在0、15、30和45分钟时显著提高了精子速度，己酮可可碱在0、45和60分钟时显著提高了精子速度。未观察到其他化学物质有持续的刺激作用。然后检测了咖啡因、己酮可可碱和2-脱氧腺苷在洗涤去除后提供活力刺激的能力。除咖啡因外，洗涤后受刺激精子和未处理精子的活力百分比和速度相似。洗涤后48小时观察到咖啡因处理的精子活力显著降低。洗涤后24小时，咖啡因、2-脱氧腺苷以及己酮可可碱与2-脱氧腺苷组合处理的精子穿透仓鼠卵母细胞的百分比显著降低。己酮可可碱处理的精子受精能力未降低。这些结果表明，在所检测的化学物质中，己酮可可碱在刺激冷冻保存精子活力方面表现更优。
