MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014 Dec 12;63(13):1-10.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: Heat stress illness (HSI), also known as heat-related illness, comprises mild heat edema, heat syncope, heat cramps, heat exhaustion (the most common type of HSI), and heat stroke (the most severe form). CDC's Environmental Public Health Tracking Program receives annual hospitalization discharge data from 23 states that are used to assess and monitor trends of HSI hospitalization over time.
May-September, 2001-2010.
The Environmental Public Health Tracking Program is a comprehensive surveillance system implemented in 25 states and one city health department. The core of the system is the Tracking Network, which collects data on environmental hazards, health effects, exposures, and population. The Tracking Network provides nationally consistent environmental and health outcome data that enable federal, state, and local public health agencies to assess trends, explore associations, and generate hypotheses using these data. For HSI surveillance, the Tracking Network uses state-based hospital discharge data.
During 2001-2010, approximately 28,000 HSI hospitalizations occurred in 20 states participating in the Tracking Program. Data from three states were not included in this report because of missing data for ≥3 years. Two states joined the Tracking Program after the study period and also are not included in this report. The majority of HSI hospitalizations occurred among males and persons aged ≥65 years. The highest rates of hospitalizations were in the Midwest and the South. During this period, an overall 2%-5% increase in the rate of HSI hospitalizations occurred in all 20 states compared with the 2001 rate. The correlation between the average number of HSI hospitalizations and the average monthly maximum temperature/heat index was statistically significant (at p<0.0001) in all 20 states.
Consistent with previous studies, age and sex were identified as major risk factors for HSI hospitalizations. Certain Tracking states that experienced high temperatures during summer months showed an increase in rate of HSI hospitalizations over the 10-year study period.
HSIs are preventable and an important focus of public health interventions at state and local health departments. Federal, state, and local public health agencies can use data on HSI hospitalizations for surveillance purposes to estimate trends over time and to design targeted intervention to reduce heat stress morbidity among at-risk populations.
问题/状况：热应激疾病（HSI），也称为与热相关的疾病，包括轻度热水肿、热晕厥、热痉挛、热衰竭（最常见的 HSI 类型）和热射病（最严重的形式）。疾病预防控制中心的环境公共卫生追踪计划每年从 23 个州接收住院出院数据，用于评估和监测随时间推移的 HSI 住院趋势。
2001 年 5 月至 9 月至 2010 年。
环境公共卫生追踪计划是在 25 个州和一个城市卫生部门实施的综合监测系统。该系统的核心是追踪网络，该网络收集有关环境危害、健康影响、暴露和人口的数据。追踪网络提供全国一致的环境和健康结果数据，使联邦、州和地方公共卫生机构能够使用这些数据评估趋势、探索关联并生成假设。对于 HSI 监测，追踪网络使用基于州的住院数据。
在 2001 年至 2010 年期间，参与该计划的 20 个州约有 28000 例 HSI 住院治疗。由于数据缺失 3 年以上，本报告未包括来自 3 个州的数据。在研究期间之后加入该计划的两个州也未包括在本报告中。大多数 HSI 住院治疗发生在男性和年龄≥65 岁的人群中。发病率最高的州是中西部和南部。在此期间，与 2001 年相比，所有 20 个州的 HSI 住院治疗率均增加了 2%-5%。在所有 20 个州，HSI 住院治疗的平均数量与平均每月最高温度/热指数之间的相关性具有统计学意义（p<0.0001）。
与之前的研究一致，年龄和性别被确定为 HSI 住院治疗的主要危险因素。在夏季经历高温的某些追踪州在 10 年研究期间，HSI 住院治疗率呈上升趋势。
HSI 是可以预防的，是州和地方卫生部门公共卫生干预的重要重点。联邦、州和地方公共卫生机构可以使用 HSI 住院数据进行监测，以估计随时间推移的趋势，并设计针对高危人群减少热应激发病率的针对性干预措施。
