Segura Omar
Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2014 Oct-Dec;34(4):535-45. doi: 10.1590/S0120-41572014000400006.
Burnout was originally described as a mental condition characterized by reduced work performance, impotence, frustration and lack of capability to reach objectives or goals while performing a job. For some authors, burnout is a poorly defined mixture of symptoms and signs, while other professionals think of it as a disease and a potential threat to public health. Worldwide, it has been observed that the most afflicted professionals and technicians are those who work providing services or assistance to other people, especially those dedicated to health care. This paper focuses on the idea that burnout should be considered a disease more than a syndrome. On the other hand, definitions of health and disease have changed with time, as well as theoretical and methodological references about burnout. In addition, burnout remains a condition that is being discussed in various scientific areas, with radically opposing positions; these approaches are discussed in this article. After presenting different conceptions regarding burnout, the essay concludes with an exploration of its implications and the identification of possible treatments, especially for health workers, among whom it is more common depending on their predisposing conditions and environments.
职业倦怠最初被描述为一种精神状态，其特征是工作表现下降、无力感、挫败感以及在工作时无法实现目标。对于一些作者而言，职业倦怠是一种定义模糊的症状和体征组合，而其他专业人士则认为它是一种疾病，对公众健康构成潜在威胁。在全球范围内，人们观察到受影响最严重的专业人员和技术人员是那些为他人提供服务或援助的人，尤其是致力于医疗保健的人员。本文重点探讨职业倦怠应被视为一种疾病而非综合征的观点。另一方面，健康和疾病的定义随时间而变化，关于职业倦怠的理论和方法参考也在变化。此外，职业倦怠仍是一个在各个科学领域都在讨论的问题，存在截然不同的立场；本文将讨论这些方法。在介绍了关于职业倦怠的不同概念之后，本文最后探讨了其影响，并确定了可能的治疗方法，特别是针对卫生工作者，由于他们的易患条件和环境，职业倦怠在他们当中更为常见。
