Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, München, 85764, Germany.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2015 Apr;11(2):298-308. doi: 10.1007/s12015-014-9578-0.
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) are multipotent with abilities to differentiate into multiple lineages including connective tissue and neural cells. Despite unlimited opportunity and needs for human and veterinary regenerative medicine, applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are at present very limited. Furthermore, the fundamental biological factors regulating stemness in ASC and their stable differentiation into other tissue cells are not fully understood. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the nature and isolation, molecular and epigenetic determinants of the potency, and applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, as well as challenges and future directions. The first quarter of the review focuses on the nature of ASC, namely their definition, origin, isolation and sorting methods and multilineage differentiation potential, often with a comparison to mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow. Due to the indisputable role of epigenetic regulation on cell identities, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and microRNAs) are described broadly in stem cells but with a focus on ASC. The final sections provide insights into the current and potential applications of ASC in human and veterinary regenerative medicine.
脂肪来源的基质/干细胞 (ASC) 具有多能性，能够分化为多种谱系，包括结缔组织和神经细胞。尽管人类和兽医再生医学有无限的机会和需求，但脂肪来源的基质/干细胞的应用目前非常有限。此外，调节 ASC 干性及其稳定分化为其他组织细胞的基本生物学因素尚未完全了解。本综述的目的是提供关于脂肪来源的基质/干细胞的性质、分离、分子和表观遗传决定因素、多能性以及应用的最新知识，同时探讨挑战和未来方向。综述的前四分之一重点介绍 ASC 的性质，即它们的定义、来源、分离和分选方法以及多能性分化潜能，通常与骨髓间充质干细胞进行比较。由于表观遗传调控对细胞特性的不可争议作用，广泛描述了表观遗传修饰（DNA 甲基化、染色质重塑和 microRNAs）在干细胞中的作用，但重点介绍 ASC。最后几节提供了 ASC 在人类和兽医再生医学中的当前和潜在应用的见解。
