Bajek Anna, Gurtowska Natalia, Olkowska Joanna, Kazmierski Lukasz, Maj Malgorzata, Drewa Tomasz
Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Torun, Poland.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2016 Dec;64(6):443-454. doi: 10.1007/s00005-016-0394-x. Epub 2016 May 13.
Recent development in stem cell isolation methods and expansion under laboratory conditions create an opportunity to use those aforementioned cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular attention is drawn towards mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being multipotent progenitors exhibiting several unique characteristics, including high proliferation potential, self-renewal abilities and multilineage differentiation into cells of mesodermal and non-mesodermal origin. High abundance of MSCs found in adipose tissue makes it a very attractive source of adult stem cells for further use in regenerative medicine applications. Despite immunomodulating properties of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and a secretion of a wide variety of paracrine factors that facilitate tissue regeneration, effectiveness of stem cell therapy was not supported by the results of clinical trials. Lack of a single, universal stem cell marker, patient-to-patient variability, heterogeneity of ASC population combined with multiple widely different protocols of cell isolation and expansion hinder the ability to precisely identify and analyze biological properties of stem cells. The above issues contribute to conflicting data reported in literature. We will review the comprehensive information concerning characteristic features of ASCs. We will also review the regenerative potential and clinical application based on various clinical trials.
干细胞分离方法及在实验室条件下扩增技术的最新进展，为在组织工程和再生医学中使用上述细胞创造了机会。间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为多能祖细胞，具有几个独特的特征，尤其受到关注，这些特征包括高增殖潜能、自我更新能力以及向中胚层和非中胚层来源细胞的多系分化能力。在脂肪组织中发现的大量间充质干细胞，使其成为用于再生医学应用的极具吸引力的成体干细胞来源。尽管脂肪来源干细胞（ASCs）具有免疫调节特性，并分泌多种促进组织再生的旁分泌因子，但临床试验结果并未支持干细胞疗法的有效性。缺乏单一通用的干细胞标志物、患者间的差异、ASC群体的异质性，再加上多种截然不同的细胞分离和扩增方案，阻碍了精确识别和分析干细胞生物学特性的能力。上述问题导致文献报道的数据相互矛盾。我们将综述有关脂肪来源干细胞特征的全面信息。我们还将基于各种临床试验，综述其再生潜能和临床应用。
