Goff Bonnie, Tottenham Nim
1Department of Psychology,The University of California-Los Angeles,Los Angeles,California,USA.
2Department of Psychology,Columbia University,New York,New York,USA.
CNS Spectr. 2015 Aug;20(4):337-45. doi: 10.1017/S1092852914000674. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Early-life adversity is a well-established risk factor for the development of depression later in life. Here we discuss the relationship between early-life adversity and depression, focusing specifically on effects of early-life caregiver deprivation on alterations in the neural and behavioral substrates of reward-processing. We also examine vulnerability to depression within the context of sensitive periods of neural development and the timing of adverse exposure. We further review the development of the ventral striatum, a limbic structure implicated in reward processing, and its role in depressive outcomes following early-life adversity. Finally, we suggest a potential neurobiological mechanism linking early-life adversity and altered ventral striatal development. Together these findings may help provide further insight into the role of reward circuitry dysfunction in psychopathological outcomes in both clinical and developmental populations.
早年逆境是公认的日后患抑郁症的风险因素。在此，我们讨论早年逆境与抑郁症之间的关系，特别关注早年照顾者缺失对奖赏处理的神经和行为基础改变的影响。我们还在神经发育敏感期和不良暴露时机的背景下研究抑郁症易感性。我们进一步回顾腹侧纹状体的发育，这是一个与奖赏处理有关的边缘结构，及其在早年逆境后抑郁结局中的作用。最后，我们提出一种潜在的神经生物学机制，将早年逆境与腹侧纹状体发育改变联系起来。这些研究结果共同可能有助于进一步深入了解奖赏回路功能障碍在临床和发育人群心理病理结局中的作用。
