Kamkar Niki H, Lewis Daniel J, van den Bos Wouter, Morton J Bruce
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 361 Windermere Road, Westminster Hall, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 361 Windermere Road, Westminster Hall, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2017 Aug;26:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 15.
Adversity impacts many aspects of psychological and physical development including reward-based learning and decision-making. Mechanisms relating adversity and reward processing in children, however, remain unclear. Here, we show that adversity is associated with potentiated learning from positive outcomes and impulsive decision-making, but unrelated to learning from negative outcomes. We then show via functional magnetic resonance imaging that the link between adversity and reward processing is partially mediated by differences in ventral striatal response to rewards. The findings suggest that early-life adversity is associated with alterations in the brain's sensitivity to rewards accounting, in part, for the link between adversity and altered reward processing in children.
逆境会影响心理和身体发育的许多方面，包括基于奖励的学习和决策。然而，儿童时期逆境与奖励处理之间的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们表明，逆境与从积极结果中增强学习和冲动决策有关，但与从消极结果中学习无关。然后，我们通过功能磁共振成像表明，逆境与奖励处理之间的联系部分是由腹侧纹状体对奖励的反应差异介导的。这些发现表明，早期生活逆境与大脑对奖励的敏感性改变有关，这在一定程度上解释了逆境与儿童奖励处理改变之间的联系。
