Rizvi Saliha, Raza Syed Tasleem, Mahdi Farzana
Saliha Rizvi, Syed Tasleem Raza, Farzana Mahdi, Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India.
World J Diabetes. 2014 Dec 15;5(6):809-16. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.809.
Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility has been proposed as an important factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and various research efforts are being executed worldwide to identify the susceptibility gene for diabetic nephropathy. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in various genes giving rise to various gene variants which have been found to play a major role in genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The risk of developing diabetic nephropathy is increased several times by inheriting risk alleles at susceptibility loci of various genes like ACE, IL, TNF-α, COL4A1, eNOS, SOD2, APOE, GLUT, etc. The identification of these genetic variants at a biomarker level could thus, allow the detection of those individuals at high risk for diabetic nephropathy which could thus help in the treatment, diagnosis and early prevention of the disease. The present review discusses about the various gene variants found till date to be associated with diabetic nephropathy.
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最严重的微血管并发症。据推测，未来糖尿病肾病的患病率将持续上升，这对医疗保健系统构成重大挑战，导致发病率和死亡率增加。1型和2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病是遗传和环境因素相互作用的结果。遗传易感性被认为是糖尿病肾病发生和发展的一个重要因素，世界各地正在开展各种研究工作以确定糖尿病肾病的易感基因。在各种基因中发现了许多单核苷酸多态性，产生了各种基因变体，这些变体在糖尿病肾病的遗传易感性中起主要作用。通过在ACE、IL、TNF-α、COL4A1、eNOS、SOD2、APOE、GLUT等各种基因的易感位点遗传风险等位基因，患糖尿病肾病的风险会增加数倍。因此，在生物标志物水平上识别这些基因变体，可以检测出糖尿病肾病高危个体，从而有助于疾病的治疗、诊断和早期预防。本综述讨论了迄今为止发现的与糖尿病肾病相关的各种基因变体。
