Arya Ridhima, Sharma Rohit, Malhotra Manju, Kumar Vinod, Sharma Anil K
Department of Biotechnology, M.M. University, Mullana-Ambala -133207.
Curr Med Chem. 2014 Dec 12.
A large amount of pesticides are being used now-a-days in crop protection which has resulted in buildup of such harmful compounds in the environment, proving a menace to humans, animal life as well as to soil microbes. Residues of these pesticides have been reported in soil, water and foods. Carbendazim and sulfosulfuron are among the most widely used pesticides for treating fungal diseases and unwanted herbs in crops respectively. Carbendazim is a benzimidazole fungicide which can harm liver as well as the endocrine system and suspected to have mutagenic and tumorigenic effects. On similar lines sulfosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide may result in the development of resistant herbs displaying its carry-over effects to the next crop cultivated. These pesticides possess large half-lives and thus remain persistent in the environment which may lead to harmful consequences in near future. Besides chemical and photo-catalytic degradation of pesticides, microbial degradation has now been evolved as a much effective and safer way to eradicate these harmful compounds from the environment. However a limited literature is available on the microbial degradation of such compounds. The present review emphasizes mainly upon the chemical properties of Carbendazim and Sulfosulfuron, detection of their residues, harmful effects and insights into their degradation studies. Further, the use of efficient microbes for remediation of pesticides from the environment has been discussed.
如今，大量农药被用于作物保护，这导致此类有害化合物在环境中累积，对人类、动物以及土壤微生物构成威胁。土壤、水和食物中均已报道有这些农药的残留。多菌灵和烟嘧磺隆分别是用于防治作物真菌病害和杂草的最常用农药。多菌灵是一种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂，会损害肝脏和内分泌系统，并有诱变和致癌作用。同样，烟嘧磺隆这种磺酰脲类除草剂可能会导致杂草产生抗性，对下一季种植的作物产生残留影响。这些农药半衰期长，因此在环境中持续存在，可能在不久的将来造成有害后果。除了农药的化学和光催化降解外，微生物降解现已发展成为一种从环境中消除这些有害化合物的更有效、更安全的方法。然而，关于此类化合物微生物降解的文献有限。本综述主要强调多菌灵和烟嘧磺隆的化学性质、它们残留的检测、有害影响以及对其降解研究的见解。此外，还讨论了利用高效微生物从环境中修复农药的问题。
