儿童期屈光、角膜曲率及内部散光的纵向变化与稳定性。
Longitudinal change and stability of refractive, keratometric, and internal astigmatism in childhood.
作者信息
Harvey Erin M, Miller Joseph M, Twelker J Daniel, Sherrill Duane L
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.
出版信息
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 16;56(1):190-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-13898.
PURPOSE
To assess longitudinal change in refractive, keratometric, and internal astigmatism in a sample of students from a population with a high prevalence of with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism and to determine the optical origins of changes in refractive astigmatism.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of longitudinal measurements of right eye refractive and keratometric astigmatism in Tohono O'odham Native American children was conducted. Changes in refractive and keratometric astigmatism per year were compared in a younger cohort (n = 1594, 3 to <11 years old) and an older cohort (n = 648, 11 to <19 years old). Data were analyzed in clinical notation (Cyl) and vector notation (J0, J45).
RESULTS
On average, refractive astigmatism (means: 1.19 diopters [D] Cyl, +0.54 J0, +0.03 J45) resulted primarily from WTR corneal astigmatism (means: +0.85 J0, -0.02 J45) and against-the-rule (ATR) internal astigmatism (means: -0.31 J0, +0.05 J45). Mean longitudinal changes in astigmatism were statistically significant (younger cohort -0.02 D/y Cyl; older cohort +0.06 D/y Cyl). In the younger cohort, astigmatism decreased with age in low and moderate astigmats (<3.00 D) and increased with age in high astigmats (≥3.00 D). In the older cohort, astigmatism increased with age across all levels of astigmatism. Longitudinal changes in keratometric and internal astigmatism were negatively correlated in both cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS
Cross-sectional data suggest the presence of a constant ATR contribution from internal astigmatism (0.60 D Cyl) that is close to the 0.50 D ATR constant reported by Javal and others. Highly astigmatic 3- to <11-year-old children and children older than age 11 years show a small (not clinically significant) increase in astigmatism with age. A negative correlation between changes in keratometric astigmatism and internal astigmatism suggests an active compensation that may contribute to the stability of astigmatism in Tohono O'odham children.
目的
评估来自顺规散光（WTR）患病率高的人群样本中，学生的屈光、角膜曲率和内部散光的纵向变化，并确定屈光性散光变化的光学起源。
方法
对托霍诺奥哈姆族美国原住民儿童右眼屈光和角膜曲率散光的纵向测量进行回顾性分析。比较了较年轻队列（n = 1594，3至<11岁）和较年长队列（n = 648，11至<19岁）中每年屈光和角膜曲率散光的变化。数据以临床表示法（柱镜度数）和矢量表示法（J0、J45）进行分析。
结果
平均而言，屈光性散光（平均值：1.19屈光度[D]柱镜度数，+0.54 J0，+0.03 J45）主要源于顺规角膜散光（平均值：+0.85 J0，-0.02 J45）和逆规（ATR）内部散光（平均值：-0.31 J0，+0.05 J45）。散光的平均纵向变化具有统计学意义（较年轻队列-0.02 D/y柱镜度数；较年长队列+0.06 D/y柱镜度数）。在较年轻队列中，低中度散光（<3.00 D）的散光随年龄降低，而高度散光（≥3.00 D）的散光随年龄增加。在较年长队列中，所有散光水平的散光均随年龄增加。两个队列中角膜曲率散光和内部散光的纵向变化均呈负相关。
结论
横断面数据表明存在来自内部散光的恒定逆规贡献（0.60 D柱镜度数），这与贾瓦尔等人报告的0.50 D逆规常数相近。高度散光的3至<11岁儿童和11岁以上儿童的散光随年龄有小幅增加（无临床意义）。角膜曲率散光变化与内部散光之间的负相关表明存在一种主动补偿，这可能有助于托霍诺奥哈姆族儿童散光的稳定性。
Zotero 插件