Merecz Dorota, Andysz Aleksandra
Department of Occupational Psychology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2014 Dec;27(6):933-49. doi: 10.2478/s13382-014-0320-6. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
The purpose of this study was to explore configurations of positive versus negative interactions between work and home (WHI) and their relation to burnout and demographic characteristics.
Sample of 533 Polish workers were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaires (SWING and MBI-GS). Demographic and work characteristics were also controlled.
Cluster analysis distinguished 5 types of WHIs: positive WHI (18%), negative WHI (15.9%), no interaction (29.3%), mutual positive interactions (15.4%) and positive HWI (21.4%). The quality of WHI was associated with number of work hours and tenure at main place of employment. The effect of gender on the quality of work-home interaction was not significant. Configuration of WHIs affected the level of burnout. Again, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of burnout and its sub-dimensions. The least burned-out were people from positive WHI, positive HWI and mutual positive interaction groups. The most burned-out were people who experienced negative WHI the most often. In this group, predominance of men working more than 10 h per day was observed. The majority of study group (71%) experienced rather integration than segmentation of both spheres.
Our results suggest that segmentation is not an universal and effective strategy of coping with work and home demands - it may prevent the positive home-work spillover, which can be buffer or remedy against stress or burnout. We consider cluster analysis the appropriate method in research on relation to work-family balance issue, which may be useful in unraveling relationships between this phenomenon and attitudes and behaviors.
本研究旨在探讨工作与家庭之间积极与消极互动（工作 - 家庭互动，WHI）的模式及其与倦怠和人口统计学特征的关系。
采用自填式问卷（SWING和MBI - GS）对533名波兰工人进行了访谈。同时还控制了人口统计学和工作特征。
聚类分析区分出5种工作 - 家庭互动类型：积极的工作 - 家庭互动（18%）、消极的工作 - 家庭互动（15.9%）、无互动（29.3%）、相互积极互动（15.4%）和积极的家庭 - 工作互动（21.4%）。工作 - 家庭互动的质量与工作时长和在主要工作场所的任职期限有关。性别对工作 - 家庭互动质量的影响不显著。工作 - 家庭互动模式影响倦怠水平。同样，在倦怠及其子维度方面，男性和女性之间没有显著差异。倦怠程度最低的是来自积极的工作 - 家庭互动、积极的家庭 - 工作互动和相互积极互动组的人。倦怠程度最高的是那些最常经历消极工作 - 家庭互动的人。在这个群体中，观察到每天工作超过10小时的男性占多数。研究组中的大多数人（71%）经历的是两个领域的融合而非分割。
我们的结果表明，分割并非应对工作和家庭需求的普遍有效策略——它可能会阻碍积极的家庭 - 工作溢出效应，而这种溢出效应可以作为应对压力或倦怠的缓冲或补救措施。我们认为聚类分析是研究工作 - 家庭平衡问题关系的合适方法，这可能有助于揭示这一现象与态度和行为之间的关系。
