同声传译中抑制作用的拟议角色。
The proposed role of suppression in simultaneous interpretation.
作者信息
Gernsbacher Morton Ann, Shlesinger Miriam
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Translation and Interpretation, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
出版信息
Interpreting (Amst). 1997;2(1-2):119-140. doi: 10.1075/intp.2.1-2.05ger.
In this paper we suggest that the cognitive mechanism of suppression attenuates interference in many language comprehension phenomena, and is particularly crucial when comprehension must share processing capacity with other cognitive tasks, as is manifestly the case in simultaneous interpreting. During lexical access, the mechanism of suppression attenuates the interference caused by the activation of other lexical information, such as the inappropriate meanings of homonyms. During anaphoric reference, the mechanism of suppression attenuates the interference caused by the activation of other potential referents. In this way, the referent to which the anaphor does refer becomes the most activated concept. During syntactic parsing, the mechanism of suppression attenuates the interference caused by a previous syntactic form. During metaphor comprehension, the mechanism of suppression attenuates the interference caused by a literal interpretation. During inferencing, the mechanism of suppression attenuates the interference caused by an initial but inappropriate inference. We propose therefore that suppression - a general, cognitive mechanism that attenuates interference - plays a crucial role in language comprehension and simultaneous interpretation.
在本文中，我们认为抑制的认知机制会减弱许多语言理解现象中的干扰，并且在理解必须与其他认知任务共享处理能力时尤为关键，同声传译显然就是这种情况。在词汇通达过程中，抑制机制会减弱由其他词汇信息激活所引起的干扰，比如同音异义词的不适当含义。在指代消解过程中，抑制机制会减弱由其他潜在指代对象激活所引起的干扰。这样，指代语所指代的对象就会成为激活程度最高的概念。在句法剖析过程中，抑制机制会减弱由先前句法形式引起的干扰。在隐喻理解过程中，抑制机制会减弱由字面解释引起的干扰。在推理过程中，抑制机制会减弱由最初但不适当的推理引起的干扰。因此，我们提出抑制——一种减弱干扰的通用认知机制——在语言理解和同声传译中起着至关重要的作用。
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