Väljamäe Aleksander, Sell Sara
Decision, Emotion, and Perception lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden.
National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research Portland, OR, USA ; Department of Education, Pacific University Forest Grove, OR, USA ; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Dec 3;5:1362. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01362. eCollection 2014.
In the absence of other congruent multisensory motion cues, sound contribution to illusions of self-motion (vection) is relatively weak and often attributed to purely cognitive, top-down processes. The present study addressed the influence of cognitive and perceptual factors in the experience of circular, yaw auditorily-induced vection (AIV), focusing on participants imagery vividness scores. We used different rotating sound sources (acoustic landmark vs. movable types) and their filtered versions that provided different binaural cues (interaural time or level differences, ITD vs. ILD) when delivering via loudspeaker array. The significant differences in circular vection intensity showed that (1) AIV was stronger for rotating sound fields containing auditory landmarks as compared to movable sound objects; (2) ITD based acoustic cues were more instrumental than ILD based ones for horizontal AIV; and (3) individual differences in imagery vividness significantly influenced the effects of contextual and perceptual cues. While participants with high scores of kinesthetic and visual imagery were helped by vection "rich" cues, i.e., acoustic landmarks and ITD cues, the participants from the low-vivid imagery group did not benefit from these cues automatically. Only when specifically asked to use their imagination intentionally did these external cues start influencing vection sensation in a similar way to high-vivid imagers. These findings are in line with the recent fMRI work which suggested that high-vivid imagers employ automatic, almost unconscious mechanisms in imagery generation, while low-vivid imagers rely on more schematic and conscious framework. Consequently, our results provide an additional insight into the interaction between perceptual and contextual cues when experiencing purely auditorily or multisensory induced vection.
在缺乏其他一致的多感官运动线索的情况下，声音对自我运动错觉（相对运动）的影响相对较弱，通常被归因于纯粹的认知性自上而下的过程。本研究探讨了认知和感知因素对圆形、偏航听觉诱发相对运动（AIV）体验的影响，重点关注参与者的意象生动性得分。我们使用了不同的旋转声源（声学地标与可移动类型）及其滤波版本，当通过扬声器阵列播放时，这些版本会提供不同的双耳线索（耳间时间或声级差异，ITD与ILD）。圆形相对运动强度的显著差异表明：（1）与可移动声源相比，包含听觉地标的旋转声场的AIV更强；（2）基于ITD的声学线索对水平AIV的作用比基于ILD的线索更大；（3）意象生动性的个体差异显著影响情境和感知线索的效果。虽然具有高动觉和视觉意象得分的参与者受益于相对运动“丰富”的线索，即声学地标和ITD线索，但低意象生动性组的参与者并没有自动从这些线索中受益。只有当特意要求他们有意发挥想象力时，这些外部线索才开始以与高意象生动性者类似的方式影响相对运动感觉。这些发现与最近的功能磁共振成像研究结果一致，该研究表明，高意象生动性者在生成意象时采用自动的、几乎无意识的机制，而低意象生动性者则依赖于更具模式化和意识性的框架。因此，我们的研究结果为在体验纯粹听觉或多感官诱发的相对运动时感知线索与情境线索之间的相互作用提供了额外的见解。
