Fischenich Kristine M, Button Keith D, Coatney Garrett A, Fajardo Ryan S, Leikert Kevin M, Haut Roger C, Haut Donahue Tammy L
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
J Biomech. 2015 Jan 21;48(2):246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.11.038. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
The objective of this study was to induce anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal damage, via a single tibiofemoral compressive impact, in order to document articular cartilage and meniscal changes post-impact. Tibiofemoral joints of Flemish Giant rabbits were subjected to a single blunt impact that ruptured the ACL and produced acute meniscal damage. Animals were allowed unrestricted cage activity for 12 weeks before euthanasia. India ink analysis of the articular cartilage revealed higher degrees of surface damage on the impacted tibias (p=0.018) and femurs (p<0.0001) compared to controls. Chronic meniscal damage was most prevalent in the medial central and medial posterior regions. Mechanical tests revealed an overall 19.4% increase in tibial plateau cartilage thickness (p=0.026), 34.8% increase in tibial plateau permeability (p=0.054), 40.8% increase in femoral condyle permeability (p=0.029), and 20.1% decrease in femoral condyle matrix modulus (p=0.012) in impacted joints compared to controls. Both instantaneous and equilibrium moduli of the lateral and medial menisci were decreased compared to control (p<0.02). Histological analyses revealed significantly increased presence of fissures in the medial femur (p=0.036). In both meniscus and cartilage there was a significant decrease in GAG coverage for the impacted limbs. Based on these results it is clear that an unattended combined meniscal and ACL injury results in significant changes to the soft tissues in this experimental joint 12 weeks post-injury. Such changes are consistent with a clinical description of mid to late stage PTOA of the knee.
本研究的目的是通过单次胫股压缩撞击诱导前交叉韧带（ACL）和半月板损伤，以便记录撞击后关节软骨和半月板的变化。对佛兰德巨兔的胫股关节进行单次钝性撞击，导致ACL断裂并产生急性半月板损伤。在安乐死之前，让动物在笼中自由活动12周。与对照组相比，对关节软骨进行印度墨水分析显示，受撞击的胫骨（p=0.018）和股骨（p<0.0001）表面损伤程度更高。慢性半月板损伤最常见于内侧中央和内侧后部区域。力学测试显示，与对照组相比，受撞击关节的胫骨平台软骨厚度总体增加19.4%（p=0.026），胫骨平台渗透率增加34.8%（p=0.054），股骨髁渗透率增加40.8%（p=0.029），股骨髁基质模量降低20.1%（p=0.012）。与对照组相比，外侧和内侧半月板的瞬时模量和平衡模量均降低（p<0.02）。组织学分析显示，内侧股骨的裂隙明显增加（p=0.036）。在半月板和软骨中，受撞击肢体的糖胺聚糖覆盖率均显著降低。基于这些结果，很明显，未处理的半月板和ACL联合损伤在损伤后12周会导致该实验关节的软组织发生显著变化。这些变化与膝关节中期至晚期髌股关节炎（PTOA）的临床描述一致。
