Scoboria Alan, Talarico Jennifer M, Pascal Lisa
Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States.
Cognition. 2015 Mar;136:337-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.028. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Two studies examined whether belief in the occurrence of events, recollecting events, and belief in the accuracy of recollections are distinct aspects of autobiographical remembering. In Study 1, 299 student participants received a cue to recall five childhood events, after which they rated each event on these constructs and other characteristics associated with remembering. Structural equation modelling revealed that variance in ratings was best explained by the three anticipated latent variables. In Study 2, an online sample of 1026 adults recalled and rated a childhood event and an event about which they were somehow uncertain. Confirmatory modelling replicated the three latent variables. The relationship of key predictors (perceptual detail, spatial detail, re-experiencing, and event plausibility) to the latent variables confirmed the distinction. These studies demonstrate that belief in occurrence and belief in accuracy appraisals are distinct, the former indexing the truth status of the event and the latter the degree to which the event representation accurately reflects prior experience. Further, they suggest that belief in accuracy indexes the monitoring of the quality of recollections.
两项研究探讨了对事件发生的信念、回忆事件以及对回忆准确性的信念是否是自传体记忆的不同方面。在研究1中，299名学生参与者收到一个提示，要求他们回忆五件童年事件，之后他们根据这些结构以及与记忆相关的其他特征对每个事件进行评分。结构方程模型显示，评分中的方差最好由三个预期的潜在变量来解释。在研究2中，1026名成年人的在线样本回忆并评价了一件童年事件和一件他们在某种程度上不确定的事件。验证性模型复制了这三个潜在变量。关键预测因素（感知细节、空间细节、重新体验和事件可信度）与潜在变量之间的关系证实了这种区别。这些研究表明，对事件发生的信念和对准确性评估的信念是不同的，前者指示事件的真实状态，后者指示事件表征准确反映先前经历的程度。此外，研究表明对准确性的信念指示了对回忆质量的监控。
