Plumert Jodie M, Kearney Joseph K
The University of Iowa.
Child Dev Perspect. 2014 Dec 1;8(4):207-212. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12089.
Successfully perceiving and acting on dynamic affordances is critical for children and adults to function. In our work, we look at how children cross roads as a model for understanding how they learn to perceive and act on dynamic affordances. Ten- to 14-year-old children and adults ride an interactive bicycling simulator through an immersive virtual environment where they cross intersections with continuous cross traffic. We consistently find developmental and individual differences in children's ability to tightly time their entry into the roadway relative to the lead car in the gap. Given that children do not adjust their gap choices to match their less precise timing abilities, children take more risks when crossing roads than adults. We conclude by discussing possible reasons for these developmental differences in movement timing.
成功地感知动态可供性并据此采取行动，对儿童和成年人的正常功能发挥至关重要。在我们的研究中，我们观察儿童如何过马路，以此作为理解他们如何学会感知动态可供性并据此行动的模型。10至14岁的儿童和成年人骑着交互式自行车模拟器，穿过一个沉浸式虚拟环境，在那里他们要与持续的交叉车流一起穿过十字路口。我们一直发现，在儿童相对于前车在间隙中精确 timing 进入道路的能力方面，存在发育差异和个体差异。鉴于儿童不会调整他们的间隙选择以匹配其不太精确的 timing 能力，所以儿童过马路时比成年人承担更多风险。我们通过讨论这些运动 timing 方面发育差异的可能原因来结束本文。 （注：原文中“timing”可能是“计时、把握时机”等意思，这里保留英文未准确翻译出来是因为不太明确其在文中的确切专业含义）
