New Phytol. 2014 Dec;204(4):823-32. doi: 10.1111/nph.13015.
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. and the related RipTALs from Ralstonia solanacearum are DNA-binding proteins with a modular DNA-binding domain. This domain is both predictable and programmable, which simplifies elucidation of TALE function in planta and facilitates generation of DNA-binding modules with desired specificity for biotechnological approaches. Recently identified TALE host target genes that either promote or stop bacterial disease provide new insights into how expression of TALE genes affects the plant–pathogen interaction. Since its elucidation the TALE code has been continuously refined and now provides a mature tool that, in combination with transcriptome profiling, allows rapid isolation of novel TALE target genes. The TALE code is also the basis for synthetic promoter-traps that mediate recognition of TALE or RipTAL proteins in engineered plants. In this review, we will summarize recent findings in plant-focused TALE research. In addition, we will provide an outline of the newly established gene isolation approach for TALE or RipTAL host target genes with an emphasis on potential pitfalls.
转录激活子样效应因子（TALEs）来自植物病原黄单胞菌属和相关的罗尔斯顿氏菌属，是具有模块化 DNA 结合域的 DNA 结合蛋白。该结构域是可预测和可编程的，这简化了 TALE 在植物中的功能阐明，并促进了具有所需特异性的 DNA 结合模块的生成，从而应用于生物技术方法。最近鉴定的 TALE 宿主靶基因，无论是促进还是阻止细菌疾病，都为 TALE 基因表达如何影响植物-病原体相互作用提供了新的见解。自其阐明以来，TALE 密码不断得到完善，现在提供了一种成熟的工具，与转录组谱分析相结合，可快速分离新型 TALE 靶基因。TALE 密码也是合成启动子陷阱的基础，该陷阱介导在工程植物中对 TALE 或 RipTAL 蛋白的识别。在这篇综述中，我们将总结植物聚焦 TALE 研究的最新发现。此外，我们还将概述新建立的 TALE 或 RipTAL 宿主靶基因的基因分离方法，重点介绍潜在的陷阱。
