Orme Ian M
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015 Mar;22(3):249-57. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00718-14. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Traditionally, the design of new vaccines directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the most successful bacterial pathogen on the planet, has focused on prophylactic candidates that would be given to individuals while they are still young. It is becoming more apparent, however, that there are several types of vaccine candidates now under development that could be used under various conditions. Thus, in addition to prophylactic vaccines, such as recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG or BCG-boosting vaccines, other applications include vaccines that could prevent infection, vaccines that could be given in emergency situations as postexposure vaccines, vaccines that could be used to facilitate chemotherapy, and vaccines that could be used to reduce or prevent relapse and reactivation disease. These approaches are discussed here, including the type of immunity we are trying to specifically target, as well as the limitations of these approaches.
传统上，针对全球最成功的细菌病原体结核分枝杆菌设计新疫苗时，重点是在个体仍年幼时接种的预防性候选疫苗。然而，现在越来越明显的是，目前正在研发的几种候选疫苗可在不同条件下使用。因此，除了预防性疫苗，如重组牛分枝杆菌卡介苗或卡介苗增强疫苗外，其他应用还包括可预防感染的疫苗、可在紧急情况下作为暴露后疫苗接种的疫苗、可用于辅助化疗的疫苗，以及可用于减少或预防复发和再激活疾病的疫苗。本文将讨论这些方法，包括我们试图特异性靶向的免疫类型以及这些方法的局限性。
