Pais Jeremy, Crowder Kyle, Downey Liam
University of Connecticut.
University of Washington.
Soc Forces. 2014 Mar 1;92(3):1189-1215. doi: 10.1093/sf/sot099.
The unequal exposure to industrial hazards via differential residential attainment and/or differential sitings of toxic facilities is a long-standing environmental justice issue. This study examines individual trajectories of residential exposure to the risk of industrial hazard over nearly two decades. Using a latent class growth analysis on longitudinal geocoded data merged with the neighborhood-level pollution measures, we discover large racial differences in trajectories of pollution exposure. A majority of individuals are exposed to above-average pollution levels at some point during the study period, but blacks are more likely than whites to experience persistent exposure to high pollution. These differences are only partially explained by racial differences in suburban neighborhood attainment, socioeconomic status, and the frequency of inter-neighborhood moves. Immobile blacks also saw their exposure increase.
通过不同的居住环境获得情况和/或有毒设施的不同选址而导致的对工业危害的不平等暴露，是一个长期存在的环境正义问题。本研究考察了近二十年来个人居住环境暴露于工业危害风险的轨迹。通过对纵向地理编码数据与邻里层面污染指标进行潜在类别增长分析，我们发现污染暴露轨迹存在巨大的种族差异。在研究期间的某个时间点，大多数人暴露于高于平均水平的污染中，但黑人比白人更有可能持续暴露于高污染环境。这些差异仅部分地由郊区邻里获得情况、社会经济地位和邻里间迁移频率的种族差异来解释。未迁移的黑人的暴露情况也有所增加。
