Downey Liam
University of Colorado.
Soc Forces. 2005 Mar;83(3):971-1007. doi: 10.1353/sof.2005.0026.
This article addresses shortcomings in the literature on environmental inequality by (a) setting forth and testing four models of environmental inequality and (b) explicitly linking environmental inequality research to spatial mismatch theory and to the debate on the declining significance of race. The explanatory models ask whether the distribution of blacks and whites around environmental hazards is the result of black/white income inequality, racist siting practices, or residential segregation. The models are tested using manufacturing facility and census data from the Detroit metropolitan area. It turns out that the distribution of blacks and whites around this region's polluting manufacturing facilities is largely the product of residential segregation which, paradoxically, has reduced black proximity to manufacturing facility pollution.
本文通过（a）提出并检验四种环境不平等模型，以及（b）明确将环境不平等研究与空间错配理论和关于种族重要性下降的辩论联系起来，解决了环境不平等文献中的不足之处。这些解释性模型探讨黑人与白人在环境危害周围的分布是黑人/白人收入不平等、种族主义选址做法还是居住隔离的结果。使用底特律大都市区的制造业设施和人口普查数据对这些模型进行了检验。结果表明，该地区污染性制造业设施周围黑人和白人的分布在很大程度上是居住隔离的产物，而自相矛盾的是，这种隔离减少了黑人与制造业设施污染的接近程度。
