Institut für Allgemeinen und ökologischen Weinbau, Hochschule Geisenheim University Geisenheim, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Dec 10;5:645. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00645. eCollection 2014.
Grapes for wine production are a highly climate sensitive crop and vineyard water budget is a decisive factor in quality formation. In order to conduct risk assessments for climate change effects in viticulture models are needed which can be applied to complete growing regions. We first modified an existing simplified geometric vineyard model of radiation interception and resulting water use to incorporate numerical Monte Carlo simulations and the physical aspects of radiation interactions between canopy and vineyard slope and azimuth. We then used four regional climate models to assess for possible effects on the water budget of selected vineyard sites up 2100. The model was developed to describe the partitioning of short-wave radiation between grapevine canopy and soil surface, respectively, green cover, necessary to calculate vineyard evapotranspiration. Soil water storage was allocated to two sub reservoirs. The model was adopted for steep slope vineyards based on coordinate transformation and validated against measurements of grapevine sap flow and soil water content determined down to 1.6 m depth at three different sites over 2 years. The results showed good agreement of modeled and observed soil water dynamics of vineyards with large variations in site specific soil water holding capacity (SWC) and viticultural management. Simulated sap flow was in overall good agreement with measured sap flow but site-specific responses of sap flow to potential evapotranspiration were observed. The analyses of climate change impacts on vineyard water budget demonstrated the importance of site-specific assessment due to natural variations in SWC. The improved model was capable of describing seasonal and site-specific dynamics in soil water content and could be used in an amended version to estimate changes in the water budget of entire grape growing areas due to evolving climatic changes.
用于酿造葡萄酒的葡萄是一种对气候高度敏感的作物，葡萄园水分预算是影响葡萄酒质量形成的决定性因素。为了对葡萄栽培中的气候变化影响进行风险评估，需要有可以应用于完整种植区域的模型。我们首先对现有的简化几何葡萄园辐射截留和由此产生的用水模型进行了修改，以纳入数值蒙特卡罗模拟以及冠层与葡萄园坡度和方位之间辐射相互作用的物理方面。然后，我们使用四个区域气候模型来评估 2100 年之前对选定葡萄园水分预算的可能影响。该模型用于描述短波辐射在葡萄藤冠层和土壤表面之间的分配，分别是计算葡萄园蒸散所需的绿色覆盖物。土壤水储量分配到两个子水库。该模型基于坐标变换适用于陡坡葡萄园，并根据三个不同地点 2 年来的葡萄藤液流和土壤水分含量测量进行了验证，测量深度达 1.6 米。结果表明，模型模拟的和观测到的葡萄园土壤水分动态具有很好的一致性，尽管土壤水分保持能力（SWC）和葡萄栽培管理存在很大的站点特异性变化。模拟的液流与实测液流总体上具有很好的一致性，但观察到了液流对潜在蒸散的特定地点响应。气候变化对葡萄园水分预算的影响分析表明，由于 SWC 的自然变化，进行特定地点评估非常重要。改进后的模型能够描述土壤水分含量的季节性和特定地点的动态，并且可以在修订后的版本中用于估计由于不断变化的气候变化而导致整个葡萄种植区的水分预算变化。
