Marionnet Claire, Tricaud Caroline, Bernerd Françoise
Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
Oréal Research and Innovation, 188-200 rue Paul Hochart, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Dec 23;16(1):68-90. doi: 10.3390/ijms16010068.
The link between chronic sun exposure of human skin and harmful clinical consequences such as photo-aging and skin cancers is now indisputable. These effects are mostly due to ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, 320-400 nm and UVB, 280-320 nm). The UVA/UVB ratio can vary with latitude, season, hour, meteorology and ozone layer, leading to different exposure conditions. Zenithal sun exposure (for example on a beach around noon under a clear sky) can rapidly induce visible and well-characterized clinical consequences such as sunburn, predominantly induced by UVB. However, a limited part of the global population is exposed daily to such intense irradiance and until recently little attention has been paid to solar exposure that does not induce any short term clinical impact. This paper will review different studies on non-extreme daily UV exposures with: (1) the characterization and the definition of the standard UV daylight and its simulation in the laboratory; (2) description of the biological and clinical effects of such UV exposure in an in vitro reconstructed human skin model and in human skin in vivo, emphasizing the contribution of UVA rays and (3) analysis of photoprotection approaches dedicated to prevent the harmful impact of such UV exposure.
长期阳光照射人体皮肤与诸如光老化和皮肤癌等有害临床后果之间的联系如今已无可争议。这些影响主要归因于紫外线（UV）（UVA，320 - 400纳米和UVB，280 - 320纳米）。UVA/UVB比值会因纬度、季节、时间、气象条件和臭氧层而有所不同，从而导致不同的暴露条件。头顶阳光照射（例如在晴朗天空下中午时分的海滩上）可迅速引发明显且特征明确的临床后果，如晒伤，主要由UVB引起。然而，全球只有有限一部分人口每天会暴露于如此强烈的辐照下，而且直到最近，人们对不会引发任何短期临床影响的阳光照射关注甚少。本文将综述关于非极端日常紫外线暴露的不同研究，内容包括：（1）标准紫外线日光的特征与定义及其在实验室中的模拟；（2）在体外重建的人体皮肤模型和人体活体皮肤中此类紫外线暴露的生物学和临床效应描述，着重强调UVA射线的作用；以及（3）致力于预防此类紫外线暴露有害影响的光防护方法分析。
