Sabziparvar All A, Shine Keith P, Forster Piers M de F
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Photochem Photobiol. 1999 Feb;69(2):193-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03273.x.
Abstract- We present calculations of the geographical distribution of the dose rate at the surface of UVB (280-320 nm), UVA (320-400 nm) and, using biological action spectra, the effective radiation for erythema, cataracts and keratitis. A multistream radiative transfer model is used in conjunction with a multiyear climatology of ozone, cloud, surface pressure, surface albedo, temperature and a rudimentary representation of aerosols to calculate the clear-sky and all-sky irradiances. Model outputs are evaluated using daily UV measurements and found to be accurate to about ±10% for clear skies and ±20% for all-sky conditions. The effects of UV-weighted surface albedo, surface altitude, sun-earth separation and the vertical distribution of ozone and temperature are included. The results show that the sun's position is the most important factor in determining the geographical pattern of global daily UV rather than column ozone, cloud, surface pressure, daylength or surface albedo. Over elevated regions, the effect of the differences in surface pressure on daily doses was found to be more significant than the effect of the differences in column ozone. Clouds reduce the clear-sky UV dose from a few percent over arid and semiarid regions to 45% in regions with frequent midlatitude depressions.
摘要 - 我们给出了UVB（280 - 320纳米）、UVA（320 - 400纳米）在地表的剂量率的地理分布计算结果，并根据生物作用光谱计算了红斑、白内障和角膜炎的有效辐射。使用多流辐射传输模型，结合多年的臭氧、云、地表气压、地表反照率、温度以及气溶胶的基本表示等气候数据，来计算晴空和全天空辐照度。利用每日紫外线测量数据对模型输出进行评估，结果表明，对于晴空条件，模型输出的精度约为±10%，对于全天空条件，精度约为±20%。模型考虑了紫外线加权地表反照率、地表海拔、日地距离以及臭氧和温度的垂直分布等因素的影响。结果表明，在决定全球每日紫外线的地理分布模式方面，太阳位置是最重要的因素，而非柱状臭氧、云、地表气压、白昼时长或地表反照率。在高海拔地区，发现地表气压差异对每日剂量的影响比柱状臭氧差异的影响更为显著。云会使晴空紫外线剂量减少，在干旱和半干旱地区减少几个百分点，在中纬度气旋频繁的地区减少至45%。
