Scott Brendan R, Slattery Katie M, Dascombe Ben J
Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127, Australia.
Med Hypotheses. 2015 Feb;84(2):145-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
Traditionally, researchers and practitioners have manipulated acute resistance exercise variables to elicit the desired responses to training. However, recent research indicates that altering the muscular environment during resistance training, namely by implementing a hypoxic stimulus, can augment muscle hypertrophy and strength. Intermittent hypoxic resistance training (IHRT), whereby participants inspire hypoxic air during resistance training, has been previously demonstrated to increase muscle cross-sectional area and maximum strength by significantly greater amounts than the equivalent training in normoxia. However, some recent evidence has provided conflicting results, reporting that the use of systemic hypoxia during resistance training provided no added benefit. While the definitive mechanisms that may augment muscular responses to IHRT are not yet fully understood, an increased metabolic stress is thought to be important for moderating many downstream processes related to hypertrophy. It is likely that methodological differences between conflicting IHRT studies have resulted in different degrees of metabolic stress during training, particularly when considering the inter-set recovery intervals used. Given that the most fundamental physiological stresses resulting from hypoxia are disturbances to oxidative metabolism, it becomes apparent that resistance training may only benefit from additional hypoxia if the exercise is structured to elicit a strong metabolic response. We hypothesize that for IHRT to be more effective in producing muscular hypertrophy and increasing strength than the equivalent normoxic training, exercise should be performed with relatively brief inter-set recovery periods, with the aim of providing a potent metabolic stimulus to enhance anabolic responses.
传统上，研究人员和从业者通过操控急性抗阻训练变量来引发对训练的预期反应。然而，最近的研究表明，在抗阻训练期间改变肌肉环境，即通过实施低氧刺激，可以增强肌肉肥大和力量。间歇性低氧抗阻训练（IHRT），即参与者在抗阻训练期间吸入低氧空气，此前已被证明能比在常氧环境下进行的同等训练显著增加肌肉横截面积和最大力量。然而，最近的一些证据给出了相互矛盾的结果，报告称在抗阻训练期间使用全身性低氧并无额外益处。虽然尚未完全了解可能增强对IHRT肌肉反应的确切机制，但增加的代谢应激被认为对调节许多与肥大相关的下游过程很重要。相互矛盾的IHRT研究之间的方法学差异可能导致训练期间代谢应激程度不同，尤其是考虑到组间恢复间隔时。鉴于低氧导致的最基本生理应激是对氧化代谢的干扰，显然只有当运动被安排为引发强烈代谢反应时，抗阻训练才可能从额外的低氧中受益。我们假设，为使IHRT在产生肌肉肥大和增加力量方面比同等常氧训练更有效，应在相对短暂的组间恢复期进行运动，目的是提供强大的代谢刺激以增强合成代谢反应。
