Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, The Bronx, NY, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 4;13(1):3676. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30808-4.
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of resistance training under hypoxic conditions (RTH) on muscle hypertrophy and strength development. Searches of PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Sport Discus and the Cochrane Library were conducted comparing the effect of RTH versus normoxia (RTN) on muscle hypertrophy (cross sectional area (CSA), lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength development [1-repetition maximum (1RM)]. An overall meta-analysis and subanalyses of training load (low, moderate or high), inter-set rest interval (short, moderate or long) and severity of hypoxia (moderate or high) were conducted to explore the effects on RTH outcomes. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. The overall analyses showed similar improvements in CSA (SMD [CIs] = 0.17 [- 0.07; 0.42]) and 1RM (SMD = 0.13 [0.0; 0.27]) between RTH and RTN. Subanalyses indicated a medium effect on CSA for longer inter-set rest intervals and a small effect for moderate hypoxia and moderate loads favoring RTH. Moreover, a moderate effect for longer inter-set rest intervals and a trivial effect for severe hypoxia and moderate loads favoring RTH was found on 1RM. Evidence suggests that RTH employed with moderate loads (60-80% 1RM) and longer inter-set rest intervals (≥ 120 s) enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength compared to normoxia. The use of moderate hypoxia (14.3-16% FiO) seems to be somewhat beneficial to hypertrophy but not strength. Further research is required with greater standardization of protocols to draw stronger conclusions on the topic.
一项系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定在低氧条件下进行的抗阻训练（RTH）对肌肉肥大和力量发展的影响。通过对 PubMed-Medline、Web of Science、Sport Discus 和 Cochrane Library 进行检索，比较了 RTH 与常氧（RTN）对肌肉肥大（横截面积（CSA）、瘦体重和肌肉厚度）和力量发展[1 次重复最大值（1RM）]的影响。进行了总体荟萃分析和亚分析，以探讨训练负荷（低、中或高）、组间休息间隔（短、中或长）和低氧严重程度（中或高）对 RTH 结果的影响。有 17 项研究符合纳入标准。总体分析显示，RTH 和 RTN 之间 CSA（SMD [CIs] = 0.17 [-0.07; 0.42]）和 1RM（SMD = 0.13 [0.0; 0.27]）的改善相似。亚分析表明，较长的组间休息间隔对 CSA 有中等影响，对中度低氧和中等负荷有较小影响，有利于 RTH。此外，还发现较长的组间休息间隔对 1RM 有中等影响，对严重低氧和中等负荷有轻微影响，有利于 RTH。有证据表明，与常氧相比，采用中等负荷（60-80% 1RM）和较长的组间休息间隔（≥120 秒）进行 RTH 可增强肌肉肥大和力量。使用中度低氧（14.3-16% FiO）似乎对肥大有一定益处，但对力量没有益处。需要进一步开展研究，制定更标准化的方案，以更有力地得出关于该主题的结论。
