Gazi Md A, Islam Md R, Kibria Mohammad G, Mahmud Z
Parasitology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh,
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015 May;34(5):851-61. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2306-5. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
The global control of tuberculosis remains a great challenge from the standpoint of diagnosis, detection of drug resistance, and treatment, because treatment can only be initiated when infection is detected, and is guided by the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. To a large extent, non-molecular, immunological, and other biochemical methods are refinements or modifications of conventional methods, with the primary goal of providing more rapid test results. In contrast, molecular methods use novel technologies to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and genes conferring drug resistance. As a group, molecular technologies offer the greatest potential for laboratories in resource-rich countries because they have the highest sensitivity and specificity. In resource-poor settings, continued development of affordable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools will be required, where the incidence of disease is highest.
从诊断、耐药性检测和治疗的角度来看，结核病的全球防控仍然是一项巨大挑战，因为只有在检测到感染时才能开始治疗，且治疗要依据抗菌药物敏感性试验的结果来指导。在很大程度上，非分子、免疫和其他生化方法是传统方法的改进或改良，主要目标是提供更快速的检测结果。相比之下，分子方法使用新技术来检测结核分枝杆菌复合群的存在以及赋予耐药性的基因。总体而言，分子技术为资源丰富国家的实验室提供了最大潜力，因为它们具有最高的灵敏度和特异性。在疾病发病率最高的资源匮乏地区，则需要持续研发经济实惠、灵敏且特异的诊断工具。
