Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Insect Molecular Toxicology and Physiology Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2015 Jan 7;60:537-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020828.
Mosquito-borne diseases, the most well known of which is malaria, are among the leading causes of human deaths worldwide. Vector control is a very important part of the global strategy for management of mosquito-associated diseases, and insecticide application is the most important component in this effort. However, mosquito-borne diseases are now resurgent, largely because of the insecticide resistance that has developed in mosquito vectors and the drug resistance of pathogens. A large number of studies have shown that multiple, complex resistance mechanisms-in particular, increased metabolic detoxification of insecticides and decreased sensitivity of the target proteins-or genes are likely responsible for insecticide resistance. Gene overexpression and amplification, and mutations in protein-coding-gene regions, have frequently been implicated as well. However, no comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms or regulation involved has yet been developed. This article reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, genes, gene interactions, and gene regulation governing the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and discusses the potential impact of the latest research findings on the basic and practical aspects of mosquito resistance research.
蚊媒疾病是全球人类死亡的主要原因之一，其中最著名的是疟疾。病媒控制是蚊媒疾病管理全球战略的重要组成部分，而杀虫剂的应用是这方面工作的最重要组成部分。然而，蚊媒疾病现在再次出现，这在很大程度上是由于蚊媒中出现的杀虫剂抗性以及病原体的耐药性。大量研究表明，多种复杂的抗性机制，特别是增加了杀虫剂的代谢解毒作用和降低了目标蛋白或基因的敏感性，可能是导致杀虫剂抗性的原因。基因过表达和扩增以及蛋白质编码基因区域的突变也经常被牵涉其中。然而，目前尚未对所涉及的抗性机制或调控有全面的了解。本文综述了当前关于蚊子对杀虫剂产生抗性的分子机制、基因、基因相互作用和基因调控的知识，并讨论了最新研究结果对蚊媒抗性研究基础和实际方面的潜在影响。
