Ahmed Atallah F, Al-Qahtani Jawaher H, Al-Yousef Hanan M, Al-Said Mansour S, Ashour AbdelKader E, Al-Sohaibani Mohammed, Rafatullah Syed
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .
J Med Food. 2015 Mar;18(3):280-9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3157. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
A hydroacetone extract was prepared from seeds of Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Khalas, which is an industrial by-product of date processing. The proanthocyanidin nature of the extract (coded as DTX) was characterized by phytochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The total phenol/proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant activity of DTX were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu, vanillin-sulfuric acid, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. The hepatorenal protective activity of DTX was evaluated using CCl4-induced toxicity model in rats, in comparison with silymarin (SYL). Results of the histopathological examination and measurements of various hepatorenal serum indices and tissue biochemical markers demonstrated that DTX displayed marked protective potential against CCl4-induced liver and kidney injury at 100 mg/kg/rat. Relative to the control CCl4-intoxicated group, pretreatment with DTX significantly (P<.001) suppressed the elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), bilirubin, creatinine, and calcium, whereas it significantly (P<.001) increased the diminished serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total protein (TP). Moreover, DTX significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and increased TP synthesis in hepatorenal tissues compared with the intoxicated control. The improvement in biochemical parameters by DTX was observed in a dose-dependent manner and confirmed by restoration of normal histological features. The acute toxicity test of DTX in rats revealed safety of the extract. This study reveals that DTX enhances the recovery from xenobiotics-induced toxicity initiated by free radicals.
从海枣（Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Khalas）种子中制备了一种氢丙酮提取物，该种子是枣加工的工业副产品。通过植物化学和核磁共振（NMR）分析对提取物（编码为DTX）的原花青素性质进行了表征。分别采用福林-西奥尔特（Folin-Ciocalteu）法、香草醛-硫酸法和2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）法测定了DTX的总酚/原花青素含量和抗氧化活性。与水飞蓟宾（SYL）相比，使用四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的大鼠毒性模型评估了DTX的肝肾保护活性。组织病理学检查结果以及各种肝肾血清指标和组织生化标志物的测量结果表明，DTX在100 mg/kg/大鼠剂量下对CCl4诱导的肝损伤和肾损伤具有显著的保护潜力。相对于对照CCl4中毒组，DTX预处理显著（P<0.001）抑制了丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT和AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、胆红素、肌酐和钙的血清水平升高，而显著（P<0.001）提高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和总蛋白（TP）降低的血清水平。此外，与中毒对照组相比，DTX显著降低了肝肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）的形成并增加了TP的合成。DTX对生化参数的改善呈剂量依赖性，并通过恢复正常组织学特征得到证实。DTX在大鼠中的急性毒性试验表明该提取物是安全的。本研究表明，DTX可促进由自由基引发的外源化合物诱导的毒性的恢复。
