Lahiri Sujoy, Toulmay Alexandre, Prinz William A
Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2015 Apr;33:82-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.004. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
Maintaining the proper lipid composition of cellular membranes is critical for numerous cellular processes but mechanisms of membrane lipid homeostasis are not well understood. There is growing evidence that membrane contact sites (MCSs), regions where two organelles come in close proximity to one another, play major roles in the regulation of intracellular lipid composition and distribution. MCSs are thought to mediate the exchange of lipids and signals between organelles. In this review, we discuss how lipid exchange occurs at MCSs and evidence for roles of MCSs in regulating lipid synthesis and degradation. We also discuss how networks of organelles connected by MCSs may modulate cellular lipid homeostasis and help determine organelle lipid composition.
维持细胞膜适当的脂质组成对于众多细胞过程至关重要，但膜脂质稳态的机制尚未得到充分了解。越来越多的证据表明，膜接触位点（MCSs），即两个细胞器彼此紧密相邻的区域，在细胞内脂质组成和分布的调节中发挥着主要作用。MCSs被认为介导细胞器之间脂质和信号的交换。在本综述中，我们讨论了脂质如何在MCSs处进行交换，以及MCSs在调节脂质合成和降解中作用的证据。我们还讨论了由MCSs连接的细胞器网络如何调节细胞脂质稳态并有助于确定细胞器脂质组成。
