Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark.
Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark.
Cells. 2022 Nov 28;11(23):3813. doi: 10.3390/cells11233813.
Eukaryotes utilize different communication strategies to coordinate processes between different cellular compartments either indirectly, through vesicular transport, or directly, via membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs have been implicated in lipid metabolism, calcium signaling and the regulation of organelle biogenesis in various cell types. Several studies have shown that MCSs play a crucial role in the regulation of macroautophagy, an intracellular catabolic transport route that is characterized by the delivery of cargoes (proteins, protein complexes or aggregates, organelles and pathogens) to yeast and plant vacuoles or mammalian lysosomes, for their degradation and recycling into basic metabolites. Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, and their biogenesis requires an enormous amount of lipids. MCSs appear to have a central role in this supply, as well as in the organization of the autophagy-related (ATG) machinery. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for the participation of specific MCSs in autophagosome formation, with a focus on the budding yeast and mammalian systems.
真核生物利用不同的通讯策略来协调不同细胞区室之间的过程，要么通过囊泡运输间接进行，要么通过膜接触位点（MCSs）直接进行。MCSs 已被牵涉到多种细胞类型中的脂质代谢、钙信号和细胞器生物发生的调节中。几项研究表明，MCSs 在调控细胞内分解代谢运输途径——巨自噬中起着关键作用，巨自噬的特征是将货物（蛋白质、蛋白质复合物或聚集体、细胞器和病原体）递送到酵母和植物液泡或哺乳动物溶酶体进行降解和再循环成基本代谢物。巨自噬的特征是新形成的双层膜囊泡，称为自噬体，它们的生物发生需要大量的脂质。MCSs 似乎在这种供应以及自噬相关（ATG）机制的组织中起着核心作用。在这篇综述中，我们将总结参与自噬体形成的特定 MCSs 的证据，重点是出芽酵母和哺乳动物系统。
