Chiari M, Ferrari N, Giardiello D, Avisani D, Pacciarini M L, Alborali L, Zanoni M, Boniotti M B
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Oct;63(5):e381-8. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12313. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
Mycobacterium microti has recently been described as the causative agent of tuberculosis-like lesions in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a reservoir specie of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in some European Mediterranean ecosystem. Through a five-year survey on tuberculosis in free-living wild boars, the epidemiological trend of M. microti infections and the host and population risk factors linked with its occurrence were described. Retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes of 3041 hunted wild boars from six different districts were macroscopically inspected. The sex and age of each animal were registered, as well as the animal abundance in each district. Lesions compatible with tuberculosis (190) were collected and analysed using a gyrB PCR-RFLP assay. M. microti was identified directly in 99 tissue samples (Prev = 3.26%; 95% CI: 2.67-3.97%), while neither Mycobacterium bovis, nor other members of the MTBC were detected. The probability of being M. microti positive showed spatio-temporal variability, with 26% of increase of risk of being infected for each year. Moreover, a positive effect of wild boar abundance and age on the prevalence was detected. The generalized increase in the European wild boar population, coupled with its sensitivity to M. microti infection, poses a future concern for the identification and management of MTBC members in wild boar.
田鼠分枝杆菌最近被描述为野猪（Sus scrofa）中类结核病变的病原体，野猪是欧洲一些地中海生态系统中结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTBC）的储存宿主物种。通过对自由生活的野猪进行为期五年的结核病调查，描述了田鼠分枝杆菌感染的流行病学趋势以及与其发生相关的宿主和种群风险因素。对来自六个不同地区的3041头被猎杀野猪的咽后和下颌淋巴结进行了宏观检查。记录了每头动物的性别和年龄，以及每个地区的动物数量。收集了与结核病相符的病变样本（190份），并使用gyrB PCR-RFLP分析法进行分析。在99份组织样本中直接鉴定出田鼠分枝杆菌（患病率=3.26%；95%置信区间：2.67-3.97%），而未检测到牛分枝杆菌或MTBC的其他成员。田鼠分枝杆菌呈阳性的概率显示出时空变异性，每年感染风险增加26%。此外，还检测到野猪数量和年龄对患病率有积极影响。欧洲野猪种群的普遍增加，加上其对田鼠分枝杆菌感染的敏感性，对野猪中MTBC成员的识别和管理构成了未来的担忧。
