Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine and the Long Beach VA Medical Center; email:
Annu Rev Med. 2015;66:271-80. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-050913-021703.
Steroid hormones are produced throughout the phylogenetic tree, from plants to mammals. In the past 40 years, steroid receptors localized to the nucleus have been recognized as being important to mediating steroid action in many organs. This action mainly arises from the regulation of key genes that are important for organ development and function. These include but are not limited to genes influencing the reproductive tract, mammary glands, bone, brain, fat differentiation, pituitary hormone regulation, and metabolic effects in many organs. Unfortunately, steroids also promote the development of hormone-responsive cancers, including breast, uterus, and prostate cancer. It has also been shown that steroid receptors exist outside the nucleus in many organs and cells, with unclear impact for normal development, health, and disease. This review describes the evidence from many laboratories that these receptors exist and function with nuclear receptors to provide the full impact of all steroid hormones.
甾体激素存在于整个进化树中，从植物到哺乳动物。在过去的 40 年中，定位于细胞核的甾体激素受体被认为在许多器官中对甾体激素的作用发挥至关重要。这种作用主要来自于对关键基因的调控，这些基因对于器官的发育和功能非常重要。其中包括但不限于影响生殖道、乳腺、骨骼、大脑、脂肪分化、垂体激素调节以及许多器官代谢作用的基因。不幸的是，甾体激素也会促进激素反应性癌症的发展，包括乳腺癌、子宫癌和前列腺癌。此外，已有研究表明，甾体激素受体在许多器官和细胞的细胞核外也存在，但其对正常发育、健康和疾病的影响尚不清楚。本综述描述了来自许多实验室的证据，证明这些受体与核受体共同存在并发挥作用，从而充分发挥所有甾体激素的作用。
