植物性饮食对减肥的比较效果：五种不同饮食的随机对照试验

Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial of five different diets.

作者信息

Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M, Davidson Charis R, Wingard Ellen E, Wilcox Sara, Frongillo Edward A

机构信息

Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.

出版信息

Nutrition. 2015 Feb;31(2):350-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Oct 18.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.002

PMID:25592014

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plant-based diets on weight loss.

METHODS

Participants were enrolled in a 6-mo, five-arm, randomized controlled trial in 2013 in South Carolina. Participants attended weekly group meetings, with the exception of the omnivorous group, which served as the control and attended monthly meetings augmented with weekly e-mail lessons. All groups attended monthly meetings for the last 4 mo of the study. Diets did not emphasize caloric restriction.

RESULTS

Overweight adults (body mass index 25-49.9 kg/m(2); age 18-65 y, 19% non-white, and 27% men) were randomized to a low-fat, low-glycemic index diet: vegan (n = 12), vegetarian (n = 13), pesco-vegetarian (n = 13), semi-vegetarian (n = 13), or omnivorous (n = 12). Fifty (79%) participants completed the study. In intention-to-treat analysis, the linear trend for weight loss across the five groups was significant at both 2 (P < 0.01) and 6 mo (P < 0.01). At 6 mo, the weight loss in the vegan group (-7.5% ± 4.5%) was significantly different from the omnivorous (-3.1% ± 3.6%; P = 0.03), semi-vegetarian (-3.2% ± 3.8%; P = 0.03), and pesco-vegetarian (-3.2% ± 3.4%; P = 0.03) groups. Vegan participants decreased their fat and saturated fat more than the pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, and omnivorous groups at both 2 and 6 mo (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Vegan diets may result in greater weight loss than more modest recommendations.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定植物性饮食对体重减轻的影响。

方法

2013年在南卡罗来纳州，参与者被纳入一项为期6个月、五组的随机对照试验。除杂食组作为对照组，每月参加会议并辅以每周电子邮件课程外，其他参与者每周参加小组会议。在研究的最后4个月，所有组每月参加会议。饮食不强调热量限制。

结果

超重成年人（体重指数25 - 49.9 kg/m²；年龄18 - 65岁，19%为非白人，27%为男性）被随机分为低脂、低血糖指数饮食组：纯素食组（n = 12）、素食组（n = 13）、鱼素组（n = 13）、半素食组（n = 13）或杂食组（n = 12）。50名（79%）参与者完成了研究。在意向性分析中，五组体重减轻的线性趋势在2个月（P < 0.01）和6个月（P < 0.01）时均具有显著性。在6个月时，纯素食组的体重减轻（-7.5% ± 4.5%）与杂食组（-3.1% ± 3.6%；P = 0.03）、半素食组（-3.2% ± 3.8%；P = 0.03）和鱼素组（-3.2% ± 3.4%；P = 0.03）有显著差异。在2个月和6个月时，纯素食参与者的脂肪和饱和脂肪减少量均多于鱼素组、半素食组和杂食组（P < 0.05）。