Owens Mandy D, McCrady Barbara S
University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Suite 200, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
Addict Disord Their Treat. 2014 Dec 1;13(4):179-189. doi: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000039.
Many individuals involved with the criminal justice system also meet criteria for a substance use disorder. Social support has been identified as an important factor in alcohol and drug relapse, and also for individuals who are incarcerated. The purposes of this study were to describe personal characteristics and the social networks of adult male probationers with substance use disorders and test how changes in social networks related to alcohol or drug use after release from jail.
Fifty adult male probationers who were recently incarcerated (60 to 210 days prior to screening) were recruited from a large Southwest Probation and Parole Division office, and were administered a single assessment that assessed demographic information, social networks, and quantity and frequency of alcohol and drug use before and after incarceration.
In this sample there was an over-representation of ethnic minorities, higher rates of unemployment, lower educational levels, and lower median income than national averages. Results showed that there were significant changes in social networks from pre- to post-incarceration. Additionally, changes in social networks significantly predicted substance use after release from jail, even after controlling for substance use prior to incarceration, and the percentage of social network members who were heavy drug users mediated percent days abstinent from alcohol and drugs from pre- to post-incarceration.
Social networks and social support may operate as dynamic factors in relapse, and may be a target for intervention for adult males with substance use disorders being released from jail.
许多涉及刑事司法系统的人也符合物质使用障碍的标准。社会支持已被确定为酒精和药物复发的一个重要因素，对于被监禁的人来说也是如此。本研究的目的是描述患有物质使用障碍的成年男性缓刑犯的个人特征和社会网络，并测试出狱后社会网络的变化与酒精或药物使用之间的关系。
从西南部一个大型缓刑和假释部门办公室招募了50名最近被监禁的成年男性缓刑犯（筛查前60至210天），并对他们进行了一次评估，评估内容包括人口统计学信息、社会网络以及监禁前后酒精和药物使用的数量和频率。
在这个样本中，少数族裔的比例过高，失业率较高，教育水平较低，中位数收入低于全国平均水平。结果显示，监禁前后社会网络有显著变化。此外，即使在控制了监禁前的物质使用情况之后，社会网络的变化也能显著预测出狱后的物质使用情况，并且社会网络中重度吸毒者的比例在监禁前后介导了戒酒和戒毒的天数百分比。
社会网络和社会支持可能是复发的动态因素，对于从监狱释放的患有物质使用障碍的成年男性来说，可能是干预的目标。
