Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, London SE5 9PJ, UK.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015 Sep;30(9):1424-31. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu410. Epub 2015 Jan 18.
Qualitative methodologies are becoming increasingly widely used in health research. However, within some specialties, including renal medicine, qualitative approaches remain under-represented in the high-impact factor journals. Qualitative research can be undertaken: (i) as a stand-alone research method, addressing specific research questions; (ii) as part of a mixed methods approach alongside quantitative approaches or (iii) embedded in clinical trials, or during the development of complex interventions. The aim of this paper is to introduce qualitative research, including the rationale for choosing qualitative approaches, and guidance for ensuring quality when undertaking and reporting qualitative research. In addition, we introduce types of qualitative data (observation, interviews and focus groups) as well as some of the most commonly encountered methodological approaches (case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, thematic analysis, framework analysis and content analysis).
定性方法在健康研究中越来越广泛地被使用。然而，在某些专业领域，包括肾脏医学，定性方法在高影响力因子期刊中仍然代表性不足。定性研究可以：(i) 作为一种独立的研究方法，解决特定的研究问题；(ii) 作为混合方法的一部分，与定量方法一起使用，或者 (iii) 嵌入临床试验中，或在复杂干预措施的开发过程中。本文的目的是介绍定性研究，包括选择定性方法的基本原理，以及在进行和报告定性研究时确保质量的指导。此外，我们还介绍了定性数据的类型（观察、访谈和焦点小组）以及一些最常见的方法学方法（案例研究、民族志、现象学、扎根理论、主题分析、框架分析和内容分析）。
