Klein Stanley B
a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2016;69(2):381-401. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1007150. Epub 2015 Mar 2.
Following the seminal work of Ingvar (1985. "Memory for the future": An essay on the temporal organization of conscious awareness. Human Neurobiology, 4, 127-136), Suddendorf (1994. The discovery of the fourth dimension: Mental time travel and human evolution. Master's thesis. University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand), and Tulving (1985. Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/PsychologieCanadienne, 26, 1-12), exploration of the ability to anticipate and prepare for future contingencies that cannot be known with certainty has grown into a thriving research enterprise. A fundamental tenet of this line of inquiry is that future-oriented mental time travel, in most of its presentations, is underwritten by a property or an extension of episodic recollection. However, a careful conceptual analysis of exactly how episodic memory functions in this capacity has yet to be undertaken. In this paper I conduct such an analysis. Based on conceptual, phenomenological, and empirical considerations, I conclude that the autonoetic component of episodic memory, not episodic memory per se, is the causally determinative factor enabling an individual to project him or herself into a personal future.
继英格瓦尔（1985年，《对未来的记忆》：一篇关于意识觉知时间组织的论文。《人类神经生物学》，第4卷，第127 - 136页）、萨德登多夫（1994年，《第四维度的发现：心理时间旅行与人类进化》。硕士论文。新西兰汉密尔顿怀卡托大学）以及图尔文（1985年，《记忆与意识》。《加拿大心理学》/《加拿大心理学报》，第26卷，第1 - 12页）的开创性工作之后，对无法确定知晓的未来突发事件进行预期和准备能力的探索已发展成为一项蓬勃发展的研究事业。这一研究方向的一个基本信条是，在大多数情况下，面向未来的心理时间旅行是由情景记忆的一种特性或延伸来支撑的。然而，尚未有人对情景记忆究竟如何以这种能力发挥作用进行细致的概念分析。在本文中，我将进行这样的分析。基于概念、现象学和实证方面的考量，我得出结论，情景记忆的自我觉知成分，而非情景记忆本身，是使个体能够将自己投射到个人未来的因果决定性因素。
