Giles-Corti Billie, Sallis James F, Sugiyama Takemi, Frank Lawrence D, Lowe Melanie, Owen Neville
McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California.
J Public Health Policy. 2015 May;36(2):231-43. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2014.53. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Global concerns about rising levels of chronic disease make timely translation of research into policy and practice a priority. There is a need to tackle common risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol use. Using evidence to inform policy and practice is challenging, often hampered by a poor fit between academic research and the needs of policymakers and practitioners--notably for active living researchers whose objective is to increase population physical activity by changing the ways cities are designed and built. We propose 10 strategies that may facilitate translation of research into health-enhancing urban planning policy. Strategies include interdisciplinary research teams of policymakers and practitioners; undertaking explicitly policy-relevant research; adopting appropriate study designs and methodologies (evaluation of policy initiatives as 'natural experiments'); and adopting dissemination strategies that include knowledge brokers, advocates, and lobbyists. Conducting more policy-relevant research will require training for researchers as well as different rewards in academia.
全球对慢性病发病率上升的担忧使得及时将研究成果转化为政策和实践成为当务之急。有必要应对常见风险因素：吸烟、不健康饮食、缺乏身体活动和有害饮酒。利用证据为政策和实践提供信息具有挑战性，这往往受到学术研究与政策制定者和从业者需求之间不匹配的阻碍——尤其是对于积极生活方式研究人员而言，他们的目标是通过改变城市的设计和建设方式来增加人口的身体活动。我们提出了10项策略，这些策略可能有助于将研究转化为促进健康的城市规划政策。策略包括由政策制定者和从业者组成的跨学科研究团队；开展明确与政策相关的研究；采用适当的研究设计和方法（将政策举措评估为“自然实验”）；以及采用包括知识经纪人、倡导者和游说者在内的传播策略。开展更多与政策相关的研究将需要对研究人员进行培训，并在学术界设置不同的奖励机制。
