School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Locked Bag 4115, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2019 Sep;6(3):127-136. doi: 10.1007/s40572-019-00236-6.
A compelling body of research demonstrates associations between urban design and health, but this research is often not reflected in urban policies. This article reviews the literature on the science and practice of translating health research into urban policy and planning. Two Australian case studies demonstrate how policy frameworks can help guide evidence-based planning for healthy urban environments.
To influence city planning, health researchers need to undertake policy-relevant research and understand policymaking processes. Policy frameworks can assist researchers to tailor research evidence and research translation strategies to the political and policymaking context. Strong links between urban policymakers and health researchers can help bridge the knowledge-policy divide. Policy frameworks can help researchers to identify and capitalise on windows of opportunity for evidence-based policy change. Doing so increases the likelihood of public health evidence informing urban policies that will create healthy liveable cities.
目的：大量有说服力的研究表明城市设计与健康之间存在关联，但这些研究往往没有反映在城市政策中。本文综述了将健康研究转化为城市政策和规划的科学和实践的文献。两个澳大利亚的案例研究表明，政策框架如何帮助指导健康城市环境的循证规划。
发现：为了影响城市规划，健康研究人员需要进行与政策相关的研究，并了解决策过程。政策框架可以帮助研究人员根据政治和决策背景调整研究证据和研究转化策略。加强城市政策制定者和健康研究人员之间的联系有助于弥合知识与政策之间的差距。政策框架可以帮助研究人员确定并利用基于证据的政策变革的机会窗口。这样做可以增加公共卫生证据为创建宜居健康城市的城市政策提供信息的可能性。
