aDepartment of Internal Medicine bDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Mar;31(2):166-71. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000158.
of review Those who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have long reported the frequent precipitation of their symptoms in relation to food ingestion and have often been convinced that certain foods were especially problematic. However, until very recently, research on the responses to food or individual dietary constituents, in IBS, has been scarce. This review addresses recent literature on diet and IBS.
The complexity of food-symptom interactions in IBS is being revealed in recent and ongoing research. Such studies have revealed the variable effects of fibre in IBS and the susceptibility of IBS individuals to the ingestion of poorly digested and absorbed carbohydrates. The latter has led to the widespread adoption of the low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet. Less certain is the role of another widely adopted dietary strategy, gluten restriction. Diet-microbe interactions are critical to the homeostasis of the gut microbiome in health and may well be disturbed in disease; enthusiasm continues, therefore, for the use of probiotics in IBS.
Food is a common precipitant of symptoms in IBS and recent research has focused on the role(s) of individual dietary constituents in IBS and on fibre, FODMAPs, gluten and probiotics, in particular. Each may have a role in certain IBS sufferers.
本篇综述旨在探讨食物与肠易激综合征（IBS）之间的关系。IBS 患者常报告其症状频繁与食物摄入相关，且常认为某些食物特别成问题。然而，直到最近，针对 IBS 患者对食物或个别饮食成分的反应的研究仍十分有限。本综述介绍了有关饮食与 IBS 的最新文献。
最近和正在进行的研究揭示了 IBS 中食物-症状相互作用的复杂性。这些研究表明纤维在 IBS 中的作用具有可变性，并且 IBS 个体对未充分消化和吸收的碳水化合物的摄入敏感。这导致了广泛采用低发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAPs）饮食。不太确定的是另一种广泛采用的饮食策略——限制 gluten 的作用。饮食-微生物相互作用对于肠道微生物组的健康平衡至关重要，并且在疾病中可能会受到干扰；因此，益生菌在 IBS 中的应用仍受到关注。
食物是 IBS 症状的常见诱因，最近的研究集中在个别饮食成分在 IBS 中的作用以及纤维、FODMAPs、gluten 和益生菌上，特别是在某些 IBS 患者中的作用。每个因素都可能对某些 IBS 患者有作用。
