Shi Xiaoshan, Darwin K Heran
New York University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 550 First Avenue MSB 236, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Metallomics. 2015 Jun;7(6):929-34. doi: 10.1039/c4mt00305e.
Copper (Cu) is a trace element essential for the growth and development of almost all organisms, including bacteria. However, Cu overload in most systems is toxic. Studies show Cu accumulates in macrophage phagosomes infected with bacteria, suggesting Cu provides an innate immune mechanism to combat invading pathogens. To counteract the host-supplied Cu, increasing evidence suggests that bacteria have evolved Cu resistance mechanisms to facilitate their pathogenesis. In particular, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has evolved multiple pathways to respond to Cu. Here, we summarize what is currently known about Cu homeostasis in Mtb and discuss potential sources of Cu encountered by this and other pathogens in a mammalian host.
铜（Cu）是包括细菌在内的几乎所有生物体生长和发育所必需的微量元素。然而，在大多数系统中铜过载是有毒的。研究表明，铜会在感染细菌的巨噬细胞吞噬体中积累，这表明铜提供了一种对抗入侵病原体的固有免疫机制。越来越多的证据表明，为了应对宿主提供的铜，细菌已经进化出铜抗性机制以促进其致病作用。特别是，结核病的病原体结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）已经进化出多种途径来应对铜。在这里，我们总结了目前关于结核分枝杆菌中铜稳态的已知信息，并讨论了这种病原体和其他病原体在哺乳动物宿主中遇到的潜在铜来源。
