de Boer Joop, Botzen W J Wouter, Terpstra Teun
Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Risk Anal. 2015 Mar;35(3):518-35. doi: 10.1111/risa.12289. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
This article examines the extent and manner to which evaluations of flood-related precautions are affected by an individual's motivation and perception of context. It argues that the relationship between risk perception and flood risk preparedness can be fruitfully specified in terms of vulnerability and efficacy if these concepts are put into the perspective of prevention-focused motivation. This relationship was empirically examined in a risk communication experiment in a delta area of the Netherlands (n = 1,887). Prevention-focused motivation was induced by contextualized risk information. The results showed that prevention-focused individuals were more sensitive to the relevance of potential precautions for satisfying their needs in the context they found themselves in. The needs included, but were not limited to, fear reduction. Due to the heterogeneity of the residents, the evaluations reflected individual differences in the intensity and the selectivity of precautionary processes. Four types of persons could be distinguished according to their evaluation of precautionary measures: a high-scoring minority, two more selective types, and a low-scoring minority. For policymakers and risk communicators it is vital to consider the nature of prevention motivation and the context in which it is likely to be high.
本文探讨了个人动机和情境认知对洪水相关预防措施评估的影响程度及方式。文章认为，如果将脆弱性和效能这两个概念置于以预防为重点的动机视角下，那么风险认知与洪水风险防范之间的关系可以依据脆弱性和效能得到有效的明确。在荷兰一个三角洲地区进行的一项风险沟通实验（n = 1,887）中，对这种关系进行了实证研究。通过情境化的风险信息激发以预防为重点的动机。结果表明，以预防为重点的个体对潜在预防措施在其所处情境中满足自身需求的相关性更为敏感。这些需求包括但不限于减少恐惧。由于居民的异质性，评估反映了预防过程在强度和选择性方面的个体差异。根据他们对预防措施的评估，可以区分出四种类型的人：得分高的少数群体、另外两种更具选择性的类型以及得分低的少数群体。对于政策制定者和风险沟通者而言，考虑预防动机的性质以及其可能较高的情境至关重要。
