Adler Georg, Lembach Yvonne
Institut für Studien zur Psychischen Gesundheit (ISPG), Mannheim, Germany,
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015 Aug;265(5):439-43. doi: 10.1007/s00406-015-0574-4. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
Cognitive impairments may have a severe impact on everyday functioning and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are some methodological problems in the assessment and only a few studies allow a representative estimate of the prevalence and severity of cognitive impairments in MS patients. We applied a computer-based method, the memory and attention test (MAT), in 531 outpatients with MS, who were assessed at nine neurological practices or specialized outpatient clinics. The findings were compared with those obtained in an age-, sex- and education-matched control group of 84 healthy subjects. Episodic short-term memory was substantially decreased in the MS patients. About 20% of them reached a score of only less than two standard deviations below the mean of the control group. The episodic short-term memory score was negatively correlated with the EDSS score. Minor but also significant impairments in the MS patients were found for verbal short-term memory, episodic working memory and selective attention. The computer-based MAT was found to be useful for a routine assessment of cognition in MS outpatients.
认知障碍可能对多发性硬化症（MS）患者的日常功能和生活质量产生严重影响。然而，评估中存在一些方法学问题，只有少数研究能够对MS患者认知障碍的患病率和严重程度进行具有代表性的估计。我们对531名MS门诊患者应用了一种基于计算机的方法——记忆与注意力测试（MAT），这些患者在9家神经科诊所或专科门诊接受了评估。研究结果与在84名健康受试者组成的年龄、性别和教育程度匹配的对照组中获得的结果进行了比较。MS患者的情景短期记忆显著下降。其中约20%的患者得分仅比对照组均值低不到两个标准差。情景短期记忆得分与扩展残疾状态量表（EDSS）得分呈负相关。在MS患者中，言语短期记忆、情景工作记忆和选择性注意力也存在轻微但显著的损害。基于计算机的MAT被发现对MS门诊患者的认知常规评估有用。
