Zandstra Anna Roos E, Hartman Catharina A, Nederhof Esther, van den Heuvel Edwin R, Dietrich Andrea, Hoekstra Pieter J, Ormel Johan
Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2015 Aug;43(6):1119-30. doi: 10.1007/s10802-014-9970-x.
Large individual differences in adolescent mental health following chronic psychosocial stress suggest moderating factors. We examined two established moderators, basal cortisol and parental psychiatric history, simultaneously. We hypothesized that individuals with high basal cortisol, assumed to indicate high context sensitivity, would show relatively high problem levels following chronic stress, especially in the presence of parental psychiatric history. With Linear Mixed Models, we investigated the hypotheses in 1917 Dutch adolescents (53.2% boys), assessed at ages 11, 13.5, and 16. Low basal cortisol combined with the absence of a parental psychiatric history increased the risk of externalizing but not internalizing problems following chronic stress. Conversely, low basal cortisol combined with a substantial parental psychiatric history increased the risk of internalizing but not externalizing problems following chronic stress. Thus, parental psychiatric history moderated stress- cortisol interactions in predicting psychopathology, but in a different direction than hypothesized. We conclude that the premise that basal cortisol indicates context sensitivity may be too crude. Context sensitivity may not be a general trait but may depend on the nature of the context (e.g., type or duration of stress exposure) and on the outcome of interest (e.g., internalizing vs. externalizing problems). Although consistent across informants, our findings need replication.
慢性心理社会应激后青少年心理健康存在巨大个体差异，这表明存在调节因素。我们同时考察了两个既定的调节因素，即基础皮质醇水平和父母的精神病史。我们假设，基础皮质醇水平较高的个体（被认为表明情境敏感性较高）在经历慢性应激后会表现出相对较高的问题水平，尤其是在有父母精神病史的情况下。我们使用线性混合模型，在1917名荷兰青少年（53.2%为男孩）中对这些假设进行了研究，这些青少年在11岁、13.5岁和16岁时接受了评估。基础皮质醇水平较低且父母无精神病史，会增加慢性应激后出现外化问题而非内化问题的风险。相反，基础皮质醇水平较低且父母有显著精神病史，会增加慢性应激后出现内化问题而非外化问题的风险。因此，在预测精神病理学方面，父母的精神病史调节了应激 - 皮质醇的相互作用，但方向与假设不同。我们得出结论，基础皮质醇表明情境敏感性的前提可能过于粗略。情境敏感性可能不是一个普遍特征，而是可能取决于情境的性质（例如，应激暴露的类型或持续时间）以及所关注的结果（例如，内化问题与外化问题）。尽管不同信息提供者的结果一致，但我们的发现仍需重复验证。
