Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Jan 24;107(3). doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju428. Print 2015 Mar.
Adiposity, measured by body mass index, is implicated in carcinogenesis. While adult weight gain has diverse advantages over body mass index in measuring adiposity, systematic reviews on adult weight gain in relation to adiposity-related cancers are lacking.
PubMed and Embase were searched through September 2014 for prospective observational studies investigating the relationship between adult weight gain and the risk of 10 adiposity-related cancers. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cancer type. All statistical tests were two-sided.
A total of 50 studies were included. For each 5kg increase in adult weight gain, the summary relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI = 1.08 to 1.13) for postmenopausal breast cancer among no- or low-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users, 1.39 (95% CI = 1.29 to 1.49) and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.02 to 1.16) for postmenopausal endometrial cancer among HRT nonusers and users, respectively, 1.13 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.23) for postmenopausal ovarian cancer among no or low HRT users, 1.09 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.13) for colon cancer in men. The relative risk of kidney cancer comparing highest and lowest level of adult weight gain was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.11 to 1.81). Adult weight gain was unrelated to cancers of the breast (premenopausal women, postmenopausal HRT users), prostate, colon (women), pancreas, and thyroid. An increase in risk associated with adult weight gain for breast cancer was statistically significantly greater among postmenopausal women (P heterogeneity = .001) and HRT nonusers (P heterogeneity = .001); that for endometrial cancer was alike among HRT nonusers (P heterogeneity = .04).
Avoiding adult weight gain itself may confer protection against certain types of cancers, particularly among HRT nonusers.
体质量指数（BMI）衡量的肥胖与癌症的发生有关。虽然成人增重在衡量肥胖程度方面优于 BMI，但目前缺乏关于成人增重与肥胖相关癌症之间关系的系统评价。
检索 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库，以获取截至 2014 年 9 月的前瞻性观察性研究，调查成人增重与 10 种肥胖相关癌症风险之间的关系。采用随机效应模型进行剂量-反应荟萃分析，以估计每种癌症类型的汇总相对风险（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。所有统计检验均为双侧。
共纳入 50 项研究。对于非激素替代疗法（HRT）使用者，每增加 5kg 成人增重，绝经后乳腺癌的汇总 RR 为 1.11（95%CI=1.081.13），对于 HRT 非使用者和使用者，绝经后子宫内膜癌的 RR 分别为 1.39（95%CI=1.291.49）和 1.09（95%CI=1.021.16），对于非 HRT 使用者的绝经后卵巢癌 RR 为 1.13（95%CI=1.031.23），对于男性结肠癌 RR 为 1.09（95%CI=1.041.13）。与最低水平相比，最高水平的成人增重与肾癌的相对风险为 1.42（95%CI=1.111.81）。成人增重与乳腺癌（绝经前妇女，绝经后 HRT 使用者）、前列腺癌、结肠癌（女性）、胰腺癌和甲状腺癌无关。成人增重与乳腺癌风险增加之间的关联在绝经后妇女（P 异质性=.001）和 HRT 非使用者（P 异质性=.001）中具有统计学意义，而与子宫内膜癌之间的关联在 HRT 非使用者中相似（P 异质性=.04）。
避免成人增重本身可能会预防某些类型的癌症，特别是在 HRT 非使用者中。
