Larcher S, Benhamou P-Y, Pépin J-L, Borel A-L
Grenoble University Hospital, Pôle DIGIDUNE, Endocrinology Department, Grenoble, France.
HP2 laboratory, Inserm U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux Clinique Physiologie, Sommeil et Exercice, Grenoble, France.
Diabetes Metab. 2015 Sep;41(4):263-271. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.004. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Sleep duration has been constantly decreasing over the past 50 years. Short sleep duration, sleep quality and, recently, long sleep duration have all been linked to poor health outcomes, increasing the risk of developing metabolic diseases and cardiovascular events. Beyond the duration of sleep, the timing of sleep may also have consequences. Having a tendency to go early to bed (early chronotype) compared with the habit of going to bed later (late chronotype) can interfere considerably with social schedules (school, work). Eventually, a misalignment arises in sleep timing between work days and free days that has been described as 'social jet lag'. The present review looks at how different sleep habits can interfere with diabetes, excluding sleep breathing disorders, and successively looks at the effects of sleep duration, chronotype and social jet lag on the risk of developing diabetes as well as on the metabolic control of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Finally, this review addresses the current state of knowledge of physiological mechanisms that could be linking sleep habits and metabolic health.
在过去50年里，睡眠时间一直在持续减少。短睡眠时间、睡眠质量，以及最近出现的长睡眠时间，都与不良健康结果相关，增加了患代谢性疾病和心血管事件的风险。除了睡眠时间外，睡眠时机也可能产生影响。与晚睡习惯（晚型生物钟）相比，早睡倾向（早型生物钟）可能会严重干扰社会日程安排（学校、工作）。最终，工作日和休息日之间的睡眠时机会出现失调，这被称为“社会时差”。本综述探讨了不同睡眠习惯如何干扰糖尿病（不包括睡眠呼吸障碍），并依次研究了睡眠时间、生物钟类型和社会时差对患糖尿病风险以及1型和2型糖尿病代谢控制的影响。最后，本综述阐述了可能将睡眠习惯与代谢健康联系起来的生理机制的当前知识状态。
