Felix G A, Almeida Paz I C L, Piovezan U, Garcia R G, Lima K A O, Nääs I A, Salgado D D, Pilecco M, Belloni M
School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2014 Nov;74(4):779-86. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.02113. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
This study aimed to assess the yield loss caused by capybaras in rural areas of Dourados-MS, their feeding periods, crop preferences and the landscape characteristics of farms that may affect the occurrence of capybara's herds. Semi-structured interviews in 24 different farms were done during a period between April 2010 and August 2011. Field observations were held at different times of the day, and also during the night in order to record peaks of the feeding behavior in six farms. Direct counting of capybaras along with the group of animals reported as seen by the farmers during the interviews was used to estimate the size of herds. Data was analyzed using the Principal Components Analyses and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The average number of capybaras found in a regular herd was 18.8 ± 7.90 animals. The average number of capybara herd by farms was of 1.38 ± 0.92 while the average number of capybaras by farms was 32.33 ± 27.87. Capybaras selected rice (Oryza sativa) when it was available (14.5% of devastation in 1.18% of total planted area); however, the most eaten crop was corn (Zea mays) with 38.55% of loss rate in 16.17% of the total planted area. Capybaras ate mostly in the evening and during the night. The availability of water resources in the rural area predisposed the occurrence of capybara's herds.
本研究旨在评估在南马托格罗索州多拉杜斯农村地区水豚造成的产量损失、它们的觅食时段、作物偏好以及可能影响水豚群出现的农场景观特征。在2010年4月至2011年8月期间，对24个不同农场进行了半结构化访谈。在一天中的不同时间以及夜间进行实地观察，以便记录六个农场中觅食行为的高峰。通过直接清点水豚数量以及农民在访谈中报告看到的动物群数量来估计兽群规模。使用主成分分析和层次分析法对数据进行分析。在一个常规兽群中发现的水豚平均数量为18.8±7.90只。每个农场水豚兽群的平均数量为1.38±0.92个，而每个农场水豚的平均数量为32.33±27.87只。有水豚可食用的水稻（Oryza sativa）时，它们会选择食用（在总种植面积的1.18%中造成14.5%的破坏）；然而，被食用最多的作物是玉米（Zea mays），在总种植面积的16.17%中损失率为38.55%。水豚大多在傍晚和夜间觅食。农村地区水资源的可利用性促使了水豚群的出现。
